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Other internal security challenges - Coggle Diagram
Other internal security challenges
BORDERLAND RESOURCE SECURITY
SPACE SECURITY
MARITIME SECURITY — BEYOND THE COAST
COASTAL SECURITY
DISASTER SECURITY / CLIMATE-INDUCED SECURITY
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
ENERGY SECURITY
WATER SECURITY → "JAL SURAKSHA"
FOOD SECURITY → INTERNAL SECURITY
8 more items...
Why strategic?
6 more items...
Threats
10 more items...
Security consequences
5 more items...
India's measures
10 more items...
2026 status
3 more items...
UPSC concept
2 more items...
Meaning
Reliable
Affordable
Accessible
Sustainable
Resilient energy supply
India's vulnerabilities
High oil import dependence
Gas import dependence
Geopolitical disruptions
Price volatility
Shipping chokepoints
Strategic dependence on critical minerals
Coal logistics
Strategic chokepoints
Strait of Hormuz
Red Sea
Suez Canal
Indian Ocean SLOCs
Malacca Strait
Energy transition risks
Coal → renewables transition
Intermittency
Storage requirement
Grid stability
Critical mineral dependence
Solar panel / battery supply chains
India's measures
Strategic Petroleum Reserves
International Solar Alliance
National Green Hydrogen Mission
National Biofuel Policy
PM-KUSUM
Renewable Energy expansion
Nuclear power
Small Modular Reactors
Battery Energy Storage
International partnerships
Critical Mineral Mission
2026 update
~552 GW total installed power capacity
300.5 GW non-fossil capacity
54% of installed capacity
Nuclear capacity → 8.78 GW
Nuclear Energy Mission → 100 GW by 2047
Green Hydrogen Mission → 5 MMT target by 2030
UPSC concept
Energy Security + Energy Transition must proceed together
"Clean energy without energy security is risky"
"Energy security without decarbonisation is unsustainable"
Meaning
Environmental degradation threatens
Livelihoods
Health
Food
Water
Economy
Internal stability
Major threats
Air pollution
Water pollution
Deforestation
Land degradation
Biodiversity loss
Desertification
Climate change
Heatwaves
Floods
Droughts
Forest fires
Security link
Environmental degradation
↓
Resource scarcity
↓
Livelihood loss
↓
Migration/displacement
↓
Social & economic stress
↓
Internal security challenge
Climate Security
Heat stress
Crop failure
Water stress
Coastal displacement
Disaster frequency
Migration
India's measures
National Action Plan on Climate Change
8 National Missions
National Clean Air Programme
Green India Mission
National Adaptation Fund
CAMPA
LiFE
National Biodiversity Action Plan
Project Tiger / Elephant
Disaster Risk Reduction
Key concept
"Climate change is a threat multiplier"
Do NOT write
Climate change = direct cause of conflict
Write
Climate change can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities
Hazards
Cyclones
Floods
Droughts
Landslides
Earthquakes
Heatwaves
GLOFs
Forest fires
Why internal security?
Displacement
Infrastructure destruction
Breakdown of essential services
Food/water shortages
Economic losses
Administrative overload
India's architecture
Disaster Management Act, 2005
NDMA
NDRF
SDMA
DDMA
National Disaster Management Plan
Early Warning Systems
Common Alerting Protocol
India Meteorological Department
INCOIS
ISRO satellite systems
Modern approach
Relief → Resilience
Response → Risk reduction
Post-disaster → Build Back Better
Key concept
"Disaster resilience is a component of national security"
Why critical for India?
7,500+ km coastline
Indian Ocean location
Trade & energy flows
Ports
Offshore installations
Fisheries
Blue economy
Threats
Terror infiltration
Arms/drug trafficking
Human trafficking
Illegal fishing
Smuggling
Piracy
Marine pollution
Underwater infrastructure threats
Unregulated maritime activity
Post-26/11 approach
Multi-layered coastal security
Indian Navy
Indian Coast Guard
Coastal Police
Marine Police
Customs
Port authorities
Fishermen
Important mechanisms
Coastal Surveillance Network
Coastal radar chain
Automatic Identification System
National Automatic Identification System
Information Management & Analysis Centre
Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region
Sagar Kavach
Sajag
Fishermen → "Eyes & Ears"
2026 example
Sagar Kavach exercises test
Multi-agency coordination
Asymmetric threat response
Harbour security
Technology-based surveillance
New dimension
Port & maritime infrastructure security
Undersea cables
Offshore energy
Blue economy security
Indian Ocean Region
Strategic trade route
Energy route
Geopolitical competition
Threats
Piracy
Illegal fishing
Drug trafficking
Arms trafficking
Maritime terrorism
Great-power rivalry
Port dependence
Undersea cable disruption
India's response
SAGAR — Security and Growth for All in the Region
Information Fusion Centre – IOR
White Shipping Information
Indian Navy deployments
Coastal surveillance
International maritime cooperation
QUAD / IORA cooperation
UPSC phrase
"Indian Ocean security is inseparable from India's economic security"
Why space = security domain?
Communication
Navigation
Weather
Banking
Defence
Agriculture
Disaster management
Threats
Anti-Satellite weapons
Space debris
Orbital congestion
Jamming
Spoofing
Cyber-physical attacks
Anti-satellite surveillance
Space weather
Satellite dependency
India's capabilities
ISRO
Department of Space
IS4OM
Space Situational Awareness
Defence Space Agency
INDSPACEEX
Mission Shakti
NavIC
Defence satellites
Private space ecosystem
2026 update
ISSAR-2025 recorded ~1.6 lakh close-approach alerts
Shows growing orbital congestion
Space security principle
Protection + resilience + redundancy
India's approach
SSA
Space debris mitigation
International cooperation
Responsible space behaviour
Indigenous launch & satellite capability
UPSC linkage
Space security → National Security + Economic Security + Disaster Management
Resources
Water
Land
Minerals
Forests
Pastures
Challenges
Transboundary rivers
Illegal mining
Smuggling
Forest exploitation
Climate-induced migration
Border population vulnerability
Security implications
Livelihood insecurity
Illegal networks
Border depopulation
Strategic vulnerability
Response
Border infrastructure
Border Area Development
Local livelihood programmes
Integrated check posts
Surveillance
Transboundary cooperation
Key idea
"Vibrant border communities are a security asset"
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY
CRITICAL MINERALS SECURITY
BIOSECURITY
SUPPLY-CHAIN & ECONOMIC SECURITY
MIGRATION & DISPLACEMENT AS SECURITY CHALLENGE
TECHNOLOGY + INTERNAL SECURITY — NEW FRONTIERS
INDIA'S INTEGRATED SECURITY APPROACH
Modern approach
Technology
+
Community participation
+
Inter-agency coordination
+
International cooperation
+
Resilience
+
Risk identification
Whole-of-Government
Centre
State
Local Government
Armed Forces
Police
Scientific institutions
Private sector
Communities
Whole-of-Society
Citizens
Fishermen
Farmers
Industry
Scientists
Universities
NGOs
Traditional approach
Threat → Police/Armed Forces → Response
MASTER WAY FORWARD — "5R SECURITY MODEL"
RESILIENCE
1 more item...
REDUNDANCY
1 more item...
RESPONSE
1 more item...
RECOVERY
1 more item...
REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
1 more item...
AI
Autonomous systems
Deepfakes
AI-enabled fraud
Quantum
Encryption vulnerability
Secure communications
Biotechnology
Synthetic biology
Gene editing
Biological risks
Drones
Smuggling
Surveillance
Weapon delivery
Border security
Robotics
Defence
Surveillance
Disaster response
IoT
Smart cities
Industrial systems
Critical infrastructure
UPSC concept
"Technology is simultaneously a force multiplier and a threat multiplier"
Drivers
Climate change
Floods
Drought
Sea-level rise
Conflict
Livelihood loss
Development projects
Challenges
Urban pressure
Informal employment
Pressure on services
Border management
Identity concerns
Human trafficking
Approach
Resilient livelihoods
Planned urbanisation
Disaster preparedness
Skill development
Border management
Humanitarian response
Important distinction
Migration ≠ security threat by itself
Unmanaged displacement can create security pressures
Threats
Global conflicts
Shipping disruption
Commodity shocks
Export restrictions
Semiconductor dependence
Critical mineral dependence
Pharmaceutical/API dependence
Fertiliser dependence
Security logic
Economic disruption
↓
Inflation
↓
Social stress
↓
Strategic vulnerability
India's response
Atmanirbhar Bharat
PLI schemes
Strategic reserves
Diversification
Friend-shoring
International partnerships
Resilient supply chains
Meaning
Protection from biological threats
Threats
Pandemics
Biological weapons
Lab accidents
Antimicrobial resistance
Biological terrorism
Animal-to-human disease spillover
Why important?
Public health
Economy
Food security
Defence
India's measures
Integrated Disease Surveillance
National Centre for Disease Control
ICMR network
One Health approach
National One Health Programme
Biosecurity/biosafety regulation
Key principle
"Health security is national security"
Why emerging?
EVs
Batteries
Solar
Semiconductors
Defence
Space
Renewable energy
Threats
Import dependence
Geographical concentration
Supply-chain disruption
Resource nationalism
India's response
Critical Mineral Mission
Domestic exploration
Overseas mineral assets
Recycling
Strategic partnerships
Deep-sea mineral exploration
Key concept
Energy transition creates a NEW resource-security challenge
Not only cyber
Power
Transport
Railways
Ports
Airports
Dams
Oil & gas pipelines
Nuclear facilities
Water systems
Healthcare
Communication infrastructure
Threats
Sabotage
Natural disasters
Terror attacks
Industrial accidents
Supply-chain disruption
Climate events
Approach
Risk assessment
Redundancy
Physical protection
Emergency response
Business continuity
Inter-agency coordination
Regular drills