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COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-chronic and recurrent…
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways (Norris 2023)
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Symptom exacerbations (Norris, 2023)
Respiratory failure (Hinkle, 2022)
Heart failure (Norris, 2023)
Anxiety/depression (Norris, 2023)
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Labs
chest xray, ABG’s CBC, sputum culture, pulmonary function test (Hinkle, 2022)
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smoking-most important (Hinkle, 2022)
occupation-dust, chemicals, air pollution (Hinkle, 2022)
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Fatigue-damaged airways trap carbon dioxide and limit oxygen which requires more effort when breathing, diaphragm functioning at maximum ability (Norris, 2023)
Cough-inflamed airways, excess mucous production (Norris, 2023)
Sputum production-chronic airway inflammation, over-active mucous producing cells, impaired clearance of mucous (Norris, 2023)
Shortness of breath-obstruction of airflow (Norris, 2023)
Exercise intolerance-gas exchange abnormalities, increased ventilatory demand, muscle inefficiency (Norris, 2023)
Decrease breath sounds-airflow obstruction, alveolar destruction (Norris, 2023)
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Sit patient up, lean forward-tripod position-maximize lung expansion, ease breathing (Hinkle, 2022)
O2 to prevent hypoxia, respiratory depression (Hinkle, 2022)
Maintain patient airway (Hinkle, 2022)
Bronchodilators, antibiotics, inhalers, corticosteroids (Hinkle, 2022)
Relaxation techniques (Hinkle, 2022)
Breathing techniques, purse-lipped breathing, diaphragmatic breathing (Hinkle, 2022)
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Smoking cessation (Hinkle, 2022)
Breathing techniques (Hinkle, 2022)
Avoid sick people/crowds (Hinkle, 2022)
Get vaccinated (Hinkle, 2022)