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ENZYMES - Coggle Diagram
ENZYMES
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Substrate: Molecule that the enzyme acts on
Active site: Part of the enzyme where the substrate binds
Enzyme-substrate complex: Enzyme and substrate temporarily bind together
The reaction happens and the products are released
The enzyme was not used up and can be reused
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Induced Fit
Induced fit: Enzyme changes shape slightly when the substrate binds
Creates a better fit between the enzyme and substrate
Helps lower activation energy
The enzyme returns to its original shape after the reaction 
Activators
Activators: Molecules that increase enzyme activity
Allosteric activator: Binds somewhere other than the active site
Changes the enzyme's shape so that the active site can work better
Ex. ADP can activate some enzymes involved in cellular respiration
Feedback Inhibition
The final product slows down an earlier enzyme in the pathway
Prevents too much product from being made
Usually affects the first committed step
ATP: High ATP can inhibit some respiration enzymes
ADP: High ADP can activate some of these enzymes
Allosteric Regulation
Regulatory molecule binds somewhere other than the active site
Allosteric site: Where the molecule binds
Allosteric activation: Increases enzyme activity
Allosteric inhibition: Decreases enzyme activity
Cooperativity: Substrate binding at one active site increases activity at others
Cofactors & Coenzymes
Cofactors-
Non protein helpers that some enzymes need to work
Can be inorganic ions
Ex. Mg 2+ and Fe ions
Ex. DNA polymerase needs Mg 2+
Coenzymes-
Organic cofactors made of carbon
Many come from vitamins in our diet
Ex. Vitamin C acts as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in collagen building
Inhibitors
Inhibitors: Molecules that decrease enzyme activity
Competitive Inhibition-
Binds to the active site
Competes with the substrate
High substrate concentration can overcome this inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition-
Binds somewhere other than the active site
Prevents enzyme from properly working
Adding more substrate cannot make the enzyme reach its normal maximum rate
Ex. Tipranavir is a reversible inhibitor of a viral enzyme