Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Integumentary System - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary System
-
-
Skin Cancer
Melanoma: It is the most dangerous type because it is resistant to chemotherapy and is highly metastatic. It can be treated with surgical excision along with immunotherapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma: It is the second most common type and it causes the skin to reddened on scalp, ears, lower lip, or hands.
Basal Cell carcinoma: It is the least malignant and most common skin Cancer, it slowly invades the dermis and hypodermis and could be cured by surgical excision.
ABCD rule
-
B- borderirregularity, exhibits identations.
C- Color, contains several colors such as red, clack, brow, blue, or tan
-
Layers of the skin
Dermis
Papillary Layer: It is a superficial layer of areolar connective tissue consisting of loose, intercalating collagen and elastin fibers. Dermal papillae lies on top of dermal ridges which send finger like projections that enchance gripping ability, contribute to sense of touch, and sweat pores in ridges leave unique fingerprint patterns.
Reticular Layer: Makes up 80% of the dermal thickness and consist of dense fibrous connective tissue, with elastin and collagen fibers. The elastic fibers provide flexibility and collagen provides strength and resiliency.
Epidermis
Stratum Granulosum: Four to six Cells thick, but Cells are flattened, so layer is thin. Cells produce keratin and help create a waterproof barrier.
Stratum Corneum: 20-30 rows of dead kerantinized cells, that form a protective barrier to prevent water loss, and acts as a barrier aginst biological, chemical, and physical assaults.
Stratum Spinosum: Consists of several cells layers thick and the keratinocytes in this layer appear spikey. Provides strength and contains cells involved in immune defense.
Stratum Lucidum: Thin layer found in thick skin , such as the palms and soles.Consists of transculent band of two to three rows of dead, flat keratinocytes.
Stratum Basale: The deepest epidermis layer and is firmly attached to the dermis. It consists of a single row of cells that actively divide(miotic).
Hypodermis( Superficial fascia): Subcutaneous layer deep into the skin and consist mostly of adipose tissues that absorbs shock and insulates. Anchors the skin to underlying structures such as muscles.
Accessory Organs:
Hair: It consist of dead kerantinized cells and its functions is to shield the skin from sunlight and protects from heat loss.
-
Root- area within scalp, where keratinization is still going on.
Medulla: central core of large cells and air spaces.
Cortex: several layers of flattened cells surrounding medulla
Cuticle: outer layer consisting of overlapping layers of single cells.
-