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Environmental Pollution - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Factories, power plants, smelting, cement production
    - - Cars, trucks, ships, airplanes
    - - Burning crop residues, livestock methane, fertilizer use
    - - Burning firewood, charcoal, kerosene, waste incineration
    - - Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, dust storms
    - - Open burning of garbage, landfill gas emissions
    - - Paints, solvents, pesticides, cleaning agents
  - - - Factories releasing chemicals, heavy metals, dyes, oil refineries
    - - Fertilizers (nitrates, phosphates), pesticides, animal waste
    - - Household wastewater, detergents, plastics, untreated sewage
    - - Tailings, acid mine drainage, heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn)
    - - Petroleum leaks from ships, pipelines, offshore drilling
    - - Hot water discharge from power plants or industries
  - - - Heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic) from mining, smelting, and factories
    - - Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers (nitrates, phosphates)
    - - Plastics, sewage sludge, construction debris
    - - Petroleum leaks, fuel residues
    - - Batteries, paints, solvents
    - - Sulfur and nitrogen oxides from air pollution
- - - - Algal blooms, oxygen depletion, fish kills, biodiversity loss
    - - Nutrient enrichment, pathogen spread
  - - - Extinction of species, reduced ecosystem services
    - - Toxicity, reproductive failure in wildlife
    - - Population decline, ecosystem imbalance
    - - Competition, displacement of native species
  - - - Lowers soil/water pH, damages forests, corrodes buildings, harms aquatic life
    - - Temporary acidification of local ecosystems
  - - - Global warming, sea level rise, extreme weather
    - - Reduced carbon storage, altered rainfall patterns
    - - Increased CO₂ and other greenhouse gases
- - - - Physical (filtration, sedimentation)
      - Chemical (neutralization, precipitation)
      - Biological (composting, biogas)
  - - - Solar panels
      - Wind turbines
      - Hydropower
      - Biofuels
  - - - Environmental laws
      - Emission standards
      - Renewable energy subsidies
      - Waste management rules
  - - - Protected areas
      - Reforestation
      - Wildlife sanctuaries
      - Community awareness programs