Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ADHD - Coggle Diagram
ADHD
Symptoms
"Driven by a motor"
Difficulty maintaining focus
Easily distracted
Chronic forgetfulness
Emotional dysregulation
Etiology
Genetic
70-80% inheritance rate
Poly genic (DAT1, DRD4, SNAP-25 genes)
Prenatal/Maternal factors
nicotine
alcohol
severe stress
Low birth weight/Premature
Born under 37 weeks
under 5.5 lbs.
Environmental toxins
lead exposure
prenatal mercury intake
industrial chemicals
Pathophisiology
Neurotransmitter
Dopamine dysregulation - impaired reward processing
Norepinephrine defiency - reduced alertness and focus
Insufficient synaptic transmission - rapid reuptake by transporters
Brain structure
Basal ganglia volume - smaller - motor control/habit formation
Prefrontal cortex dysfunction - impaired executive function/motor control
Cerebellum - reduced volume - coordination/timing process
Functional network
Default mode network (DMN) - hyper-activation
Central executive network (CEN) - hypo-activation
Cortical Maturation
Delayed cortical thickness - 2-3 years behind peers
Diagnosis
Behavioral rating scales
Conners Scale
Vanderbilt Assessment
DSM-5 TR clinical diagnostic criteria
Multi-informant interviews
Teachers
Parents
Medical evaluation
Treatment
Central nervous system stimulants
Non-stimulant medication
Behavioral therapy
School accomodations
Signs
Hyperactive/Impulse
Fidgeting
Exxcessive or rapid-fire talking
Inattentive clinical findings
Easily distracted
Carelessness
No follow through on multiple steps
Prognosis
Lifelong developmental course
Continues into adulthood for 50-60% diagnosed cases
Symptoms can evolve over time