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Social Language Instruction in a mixed-age early childhood classroom with…
Social Language Instruction in a mixed-age early childhood classroom with English and Spanish-speakers
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Teacher Impact
Supporting ELLs in play-based kindergarten
Lv, Stoliar, & Timmons, 2026
Growing population of ELLs with immigration & cultural diversity in schools
This is challenging for kindergarten teachers, they can feel unprepared to support ELLs
Reviews research of support for ELLs in play-based Early childhood environ
Social & emotional support: Use of peer support (with social and language skills), strategic pairings, using non-verbal communication(gestures, body language, and facial expressions),
Mentions social & emotional support is important in building ELLs confidence with relationship building and feeling safe in the classroom.
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communication in supporting ELLs' social and language development.” (Mentions Philp et al., 2013 findings on peers finishing sentences…look this up to see if sentence frames are used)
Effect of Kindergarten Environment creation quality
Mei & Luen, 2013
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The teacher is a main influence in the creation of quality, developmentally appropriate environment.
Oral language Skills of Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners: The impact of high-quality native language exposure
Gamez & Levine, 2011
Improvement in ELL’s expressive language was related to the teacher's vocabulary usage and the complexity of the teacher’s language. This study explored Spanish that teachers spoke to Spanish-speaking students.
Peer Impact
Effects of peer tutoring on young children’s social interactions
Xu et al., 2008
Effects of peer tutoring on social interactions in young children
Compares social behaviors of ELLs with primary English speakers
Results: classwide peer tutoring benefited both groups
Impact of Pandemic-era kindergarten on oral language development in ELLs
,Cutierrez et al., 2026
Achievement gap between English speaking peers and ELLs largest for ELLs who attended virtual kindergarten instead of in-person classes. This impacted oral language development more than word reading skills in first grade.
Language Skills and Friendship in Kindergarten Classrooms
Chow et al., 2022
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The impact of Peer interactions on language development among preschool english language learners
Washington-Nortey et al., 2020
“Findings revealed that despite their limited language capabilities, children who are ELLs can engage in complex speech during peer interaction. However, the nature and frequency of interactions, as well as the unique skill sets of communication partners may affect their development of relevant language skills.”
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“We found that the proportion of children from different linguistic backgrounds, the relative skill-level of peers in a classroom, and the nature of interactions taking place, sometimes stemming from personality or linguistic differences in classrooms, influenced the development of language skills.”
Effects of peer tutoring on young children’s social interactions
Xu et al., 2008
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