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Earthquakes, Mass movement (any large-scale movement of the Earth's…
Earthquakes
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Predicting earthquakes
Small-scale uplift, subsidence or ground tilt
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Mass movement (any large-scale movement of the Earth's surface that is not accompanied by a moving agent.)
Causes
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Humans
Increasing slope angle by cutting through high ground = slope instability increases with slope angle.
Placing extra weight on a slope e.g. new buildings, can add to the stress of a slope
Removing vegetation = roots bind the soil together and interception by leaves reduces rainfall compaction.
Exposing rock joints and bedding planes, which can increase the speed of weathering.
Management
Building restraining structures such as walls, piles, buttresses and gabions = can hold back minor landslides.
Excavating and filling steep slopes to produce gentler ones = this can reduce the impact of gravity on a slope.
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Watershed management for example afforestation and agroforestry (farming the forest) = this increases interception and reduces overland flow.
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