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Experimental Research - rigorous reseach that manipulates an independent…
Experimental Research - rigorous reseach that manipulates an independent variable as a treatment and observes the outcome.
True Experimental Designs - designs that use treatment manipulation and random assignment to examine treatment effects.
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Quasi-Experimental - experimental designs that include treatment manipulation but do not use random assignment.
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Threats to Internal Validity - factors that can provide alternative explanations for the observed results.
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Random Selection - selection of participants from a population; supports the genealizability of research findings.
External Validity - the extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific study.
Purpose of Case Research - case research can be used for exploratory studies, theory building, theory testing, and understanding participant experiences and complex processes.
Exploratory Research - used when researchers are exploring a phenomenon and devloping an understanding of the research problem.
Theory Building - case research can provide evidence that helps develop explanations or theoretical ideas.
Theory Testing - case research can also be used to examine if existing theoretical explanations are supported.
Why/How Questions - case research is useful for understanding why or how something occurs instead of what causes it.
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Characteristics
Natural Setting - the phenomenon is studied in the setting where it naturally occurs.
Intensive Study - case research provides a detailed examination of the phenomenon.
Over Time - the phenomenon is studied over a period of time.
Rich, Contextualized Information - case research provides detailed information about the phenomenon and its surrounding context.
One or a Few Sites - case research focuses on one or a small number of research sites.
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Strengthening the Design - techniques that can help address threats to internal validity and strengthen experimental research.
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Chapter 10 - Experimental research uses treatment manipulation to examine cause-and-effect relationships. True experiments use random assignment, while quasi-experiments do not. The absence of random assignment can create non-equivalent groups and threats to internal validity. Researchers can use appropriate research designs and techniques such as pretests, comparison groups, pilot testing, and manipulation checks to strengthen a study. The chapter emphasizes that experimental designs differ in internal validity, and the appropriate design depends on the research situation.
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Chapter 11 - Case research provides an intensive study of a phenomenon in its natural setting and can be used for exploratory research, theory building, or theory testing. Single-case research focuses on one case or site and can be useful for unique or critical cases, while multiple-case research examines several cases and can support replication, comparison, and generalizability. The choice between single-case and multiple-case research depends on the purpose and research question.