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What situations influence our choices?, (Brazerman and Tenbrunsel) -…
What situations influence our choices?
Why do we not see it as unethical?
Ethics Unwrapped
People who see wrongdoing occur oftentimes say nothing at all
Only 9 cases of 3,500 witnesses reported staged break-ins when they saw them occur
Everyone thinks they would say something if they were in this situation, but reality is much different when actually placed in the situation
"Ethical fading" takes the morality out of the decision making process entirely
"its just business" erases the ethics behind decision making. People will think since it was done that way before, it must continue being done that way.
Conflicts of interest blind even honest people. In is inherent that people will be torn between choosing what they think is right vs what they think is just for business purposes
Why do we follow what other powers, or the crowd, are doing? Why do we not make judements based on what we believe?
Asch
People would prefer to not be judged by people and will just agree with what the majority is saying
There is comfort in fitting in. About 75% of people conformed to a wrong answer at least once
It took one dissenting ally to break the mold of conformity
Miligram
People inherently offload responsibility to whomever is incharge. The less burden they feel, the more comfortable they feel.
65% of people gave a fake 450v shock because the "man in the white coat" told them that they needed to. Even though it was presumed that they were harming a man on the other side.
Obdience drops significantly when there is not an authority figure in the room. People feel more naturally inclined when not being pressure by outside forces
Why do small changes let bad behavior become dominant?
Moral decoupling
Having something to move towards, such as a "scoreboard" in this scenario, gives something people to work toward, and in turn, it detaches from what it measures and just encourges people to work towards something that is an moral end goal
Enron used mark to market accounting to book profits in the future just to show a higher "scoreboard" in the current moment. If they had not been approved for this, they would not have been so influenced to illegally obtain "profits"
Johnson and Johnson willfully neglected to tell people about the dangers of the contraceptive patch, with people blindly using it because they trusted a company as big and as established as J&J to be telling the truth
Bazerman
It is much easier to do a bunch of small little violations than commit to one big moral misstep. People feel better if they only do a little here or a little there, versus one swift kick
Bazerman says how auditors had approved numebrs that were inherently bad up to 2x more when they slowly crept up vs. large leaps.
How far does Moral or general responsibility extend?
Moral decoupling
The unborn do not currently have a vote in todays current affairs because they are not yet people, and are not considered as such yet. So why should they have a say when they are not here?
Future generations cannot defend themselves or vote for current policy topics, so why should they be thought about when making decisions?
Ai charters are todays current day credo
Technology and responsibility
Technology has allowed for us to expand ethics beyond just the people in our immediate vicinity. Being interconnected with one another allows for much more interaction, and moral responsibilities
In previous generations, ethics only covered people nearby,
People should now try not to comprimise humanities future. Future generations need to be considered when thinking abut current day decisions. At somepoint they will be a stakeholder
(Brazerman and Tenbrunsel)