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How Situations Influence Our Choices, Moral Muteness is a connected…
How Situations Influence Our Choices
How Do Authority and Control Influence Our Choices?
Yu,
Moral Decoupling
Enron Code of Conduct Waived - Proves Yu's point of needing safeguards against abuse of power
Milgram Authority Experiment + Obedience to Authority Concept
Obedience feels like fulfilling responsibility for the participant, mindset of following instructions + responsiblity is not up to me but the person who is instructing me.
Jonas, Tech & Responsibility
Jonas: More Power = More Responsibility but not Greater Freedom. Modern Society must learn to limit their own power, reflecting on long-term implications of harm created while reaping immediate benefits, protecting the future which cannot defend itself in the current.
How Does Belonging to a Larger Group Influence Our Choices?
Bazerman & Tenbrunsel, Ethical Breakdowns
Motivated Blindness: Barry Bonds Record Breaking Home Runs while on PEDs, caused stakeholders to look the other way as many benefit from the success
Yu,
Moral Decoupling
Johnson & Johnson credo was celebrated, specifically with the Tylenol recall in 1982. Abuse of being an "ethical company" led to poor decision-making across the entire company when it came to honesty about birth-control patches and estrogen levels.
Asche Conformity Experiment + Coformity Bias
Participant outwardly agrees with group even when they are aware that their answer is objectively wrong. Translates to workfoce and more important choices being made through conformity.
Jonas, Tech & Responsibility
What is our Collective Responsibility? A single technological contribution is harmless but collectively our choices can damage the future. If we all think our decisions do not matter because we are only one piece of a larger pie, then we will all combine to do damage
How Do Incentive Systems Influence Our Choices?
Bazerman & Tenbrunsel, Ethical Breakdowns
Ill-Conceived Goals + Incentive Gaming Concept: Sears Example, Mechanics Sales-Target Incentive created short-cuts taken such as overcharging customers & creating fake labor
Concept of Conflict of Interests through Bazerman: Credit Ratings Agencies are paid by companies they rate, incentivized to falsify information
Yu,
Moral Decoupling
Enron Example and its expanded lie: Untrue favorable outcomes were rewarded, actual performance became detached from what was being portrayed
Jonas, Tech & Responsibility
If new technology is offering economic advantage, use of it will ramp up creating an arms-race dynamic where widespread adoption is not a choice, creating a system where consequences or negatives are not being weighed.
How Does Unconscious Decision-Making Influence Our Choices?
Bazerman & Tenbrunsel, Ethical Breakdowns
Ford Pinto Example, "Ethical Fading": A Cost-Benefit Analysis neglected safety protocol , took ethics out of consideration
Incrementalism Concept: Small changes in decision-making leading to complete and obvious unethical behavior is perceived as more acceptable than outright violation of ethics
Yu,
Moral Decoupling
The definition at its core: Gradual gap between an organization's stated values versus actual behavior
Jonas, Tech & Responsibility
Tech develops faster than our knowledge of what is in front of us. We tend to think about short-term upside and not long-term consequences. Heuristics of Fear tell us that we should think more about credible negative outcomes and how to use this knowledge for the well-being of the future
Moral Muteness is a connected consequence of falling into any of these forces when making choices