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LEARNING/LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING/LEARNING THEORIES
MEANING
Acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitude
Conceptual framework that leads to acq of K,S,A
WHY
Provides basis to understan, explain and describe the process
Help students to understand why various teaching models are used by educators
Benchmark learning, knowledge, and teaching and applied by educatiors according to different learners
Adult learning theories
Andragopy- andre meaning man, pedagogy mean child/leading
CHARACTERISTIC
Independent and self-directing
Have different experience
Value mutual respect
Motivated more by internal than external drives
More interested in immediate problem centered
INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING THEORIES
Behavioral Theories
SCHOLARS
Thorndike, Watson, Pavlov, Skinner
Focus on how a stimulus in external environment leads to people behavior
Positive reinforcers, are consequences that strengthen behavior and enhance the behavior , while
negative reinforcers consequences, or punishers, weaken it
Educators are responsible for controlling the learning environment, to achieve a specific
response: teacher-centred approach to teaching
TYPES OF CONDITIONING
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Organisms can be trained to evoke a learned behavior in the presence of stimulus
Waston and the rat: Little Albert Experiment
• Pavolv and the dog: Bell and salivation
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Method of learning that occurs through reinforcement of behvaiour by rewards and punishment
Skinner and Skinner box “operant conditioning chamber”
APPLICATION
Teachers demonstrate desired behaviours, and learners observe these behaviours.
• Educators then observe learners and evaluate their competence using scoring rubrics to provide
reinforcement
Cognitivism
SCHOLARS
Piaget, Bruner
Focuses on the learner’s internal environment and cognitive structures, rather than the
context or external environment
Learning primarily takes place in formal education through verbal or written instructions
through accumulation of explicit and identifiable knowledge
Learning occurs through mental and psychological processes, such as insight, information
processing, perceptions, reflection, motivation, metacognition and memory
TWO ASPECTS
SENSATION (5 senses)
Perception: stimulus starting chain of events from our senses
APPLICATION
Concept maps help students to recall foundational concepts and understand their complicated
relationships