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Team Assignment #1 - Coggle Diagram
Team Assignment #1
Physiology
Physiology is the study of the function of structures in the body, and how the organism can execute some of its functions
While animal physiologists study the whole organism, they often look at the smaller-scale functions to understand the large scale functions (understand the function of the membrane of cells in the intestine to understand how the function of absorption occurs)
Animals
Naked Mole Rat
They have high-moelcular-weight molecules called hyaluronans which are present in high amounts in their extracellular matrix, which strimulate intracellular processes which produce p16 a tumour suppressor gene, which increases resistance to cancer.
In situations of oxygen deprivation, they can switch from glucose to fructose based metabolism, which don't require oxygen and can thus survive. In low oxygen environments, they reach a suspended animation state and can live without oxygen for 18 minutes.
Horned lizard
The horned lizard's defence is first camoglage, then it puff's itself up to about twice its original size to deter predators. Finally, it can contract the muscles near its eyes, which decreases blood flow from the brain, which increases the blood pressure in the blood vessels close to its eyes. This ruptures the blood vessels in its eyes and causes it to quirt blood
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African elephants have ears larger than asian elephants due to living in hotter climates. Their ears provide more surface area for blood vessels to be exposed and thus radiate heat (loose heat), and they can fan themselves.
Hippos
Hippos are the most dangerous animals on the planet and thus do not really have to worry about predators. Instead they focus on their exposure to the sun. While mud acts as a suncreen, as they wade in rivers it washes away. They thus produce a highly acidic compound which absorbs UV rays and prevents then from hitting the hippo.
This is called blood sweat, and it oozes out of the hippo's pores. It is colorless, but turns brown and the red as it oxidezes. It does not have blood OR sweat.
Go from atoms to molecules to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms to populations to community to ecosystem and then to biosphere.
The function of structures, but also a study that form and function are related to one another.
Surface area
Cells require a high surface area to volume ratio to support their functions, which require high nutrient exhcange, waste removal and gas exchange. The higher the surface area to volume ratio, the faster substances can go in and out and thus it can do its function better
Why aren't we one big cell? Diffusion of substances from the surface to the area they are needed would take too long for the rate of our cellular processes and thus we cannot do that.
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