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Protein Synthesis Inhibitors - Coggle Diagram
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
30S Inhibitors
TETRACYCLINE: 'cycline'; prevention of aminoacyl-tRNA from binding; for atypical/intracellular organisms; resistance: 1. efflux pumps, 2. ribosomal protection from binding, 3. enzyme inactivation; DONT TAKE W/ CALCIUM bc can decrease absorption; AVOID for PREGGY & <8Y/O
DEMECLOCYLINE: TX for SIADH; may induce NEPHROGENIC DI
TIGECYCLINE
MINOCYCLINE: Meningococcal carrier; MRSA; vestibular toxicity
ERAVACYCLINE
DOXYCYCLINE: Rickettsia, chlamydia, Lyme, syphilis alternative, leptospirosis, MRSA
OMADACYCLINE
SPECTINOMYCIN: structurally related to aminoglycoside; alternative tx for DRUG RESISTANT GONORRHEA / PENICILLIN ALLERGY PX W/ GONORRHEA
AMINOGLYCOSIDE: 'mycin/micin'; BACTERICIDAL; for AEROBES; cause misreading of RNA; if with B-lactam = synergistic killing; mostly parenteral since poorly absorbed in GIT; min GNAT can NNOT kill anaerobes; Nephrotoxic (NGT), NM blockade, Ototoxic (irreversible), Terato; w/ post antibiotic effect thus once a day
AMIKACIN: Mycobacterial infection; for multidrug resistant gram negs;
PLAZOMICIN: for resistant/complicated UTI
TOBRAMYCIN: best activity against P. aeruginosa; active vs S. marcescens
NEOMYCIN: topical/oral
GENTAMICIN: serious gram neg infxn; synergy
PAROMOMYCIN: antiparasitic (e.g. Leishmania); intraluminal agent
STREPTOMYCIN: 2nd Line agent for TB; from Streptomyces griseus; for Mycobacterial infection; plague, tularemia, brucellosis: intramuscular
50S Inhibitors
LINCOSAMIDES
CLINDAMYCIN: for ANAEROBIC; POOR vs AEROBIC gram neg bacilli; B. fragilis; ABOVE DIAPHRAGM USE CLINDAMYCIN; AE: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS bc of C. difficile overgrowth
OXAZOLIDINONES: blocks ribosomal INITIATION complex formation (P Site);
LINEZOLID: for MRSA, VRE, resistant pneumococci; POOR GRAM NEG activity; AE: Myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia) + Mitochondrial toxicity (neuropathy when prolonged); avoid TYRAMINE-RICH foods (cheese, wine, chocolate, preserved meats); WEAK MAO inhibitor -> serotonin syndrome
TEDIZOLID
MACROLIDE: 'thromycin'; inhibits peptide elongation; resistance: efflux pumps + methylation/esterase
AZITHROMYCIN: atypical pneumonia, chlamydia; AE: arrhythmia
FIDAXOMICIN: for C. difficile; difFIcile
CLARITHROMYCIN: part of triple therapy for H. pylori (OCA); CYP3A4 INHIBITOR
ERYTHROMYCIN: stimulates motilin thus GI upset; CYP3A4 INHIBITOR; AE: increased GI motility + cholestatic hepatitis
PLEUROMUTILINS
LEFAMULIN: for COMMUNITY ACQUIRED bacterial PNEUMONIA; can be affected by CYP3A4 inducer/inhibitor
RETAPAMULIN: for IMPETIGO
STREPTOGRAMINS: for VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT E. FAECIUM; AE: ARTHRALGIA + MYALGIA; CYP3A4 INHIBITOR
QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN: synergistic ->> BACTERICIDAL but BACTERIOSTATIC for E. FAECIUM