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MODULE 7 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - This area helps with planning, attention, memory and self-control
      - It may change faster with age than some other brain regions
      - Older brains may use extra areas to help complete difficult tasks
    - - This region includes the hippocampus, which helps create memories
      - Its size and activity may decrease with age
      - These changes may help explain problems with remembering personal events
    - - It communicates with memory and planning areas
      - Its structure and activity may also change with age
      - The striatum helps with movement, rewards, habits and thinking
    - - Acetylcholine supports memory, while dopamine helps with motivation and decison making
      - Lower amounts of these chemicals may contribute to age related thinking changes
      - Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers used by the brain cells
  - - - Cognitive resources are like the brains supply of mental energy
      - Older adults may have less mental energy for difficult or divided tasks
      - Helpful instructions, reminders, and clues can reduce the amount of energy needed
    - - Inhibition helps the brain block distractions and unnecessary information
      - Older adults may have more difficulty clearing unwanted information from their minds
      - This can make it harder to focus or remember a change in their usual rountine
    - - Slower processing can affect memory, attention, and decision making
      - The brain may process information more slowly with age
      - Begin slower does not mean that a person cannot understand the information
  - - - Depression can affect attention and memory
      - Many older adults pay more attention to positive information and experiences
      - Affect means a person's mood and emotional state
    - - Some experience noticeable changes, and other remain mentally strong
      - Sleep, health, experiences and the time of day can affect performance
      - Older adults do not age in the same way
    - - Difficulty seeing or hearing can make a thinking test seem harder
      - Researchers must separate sensory problems from actual memory problems
      - Hearing and vision may become weaker with age
    - - Other studies follow the same people for many years
      - Researchers need people from different cultures and backgrounds to get fair results
      - Some studies compare young and older groups at one point in time
    - - Researchers must carefully check the health of study participants
      - Early dementia can look like ordinary age related memory change
      - Normal aging and dementia are not the same thing
  - - - Switching between two activities may become harder
      - Staying focused on one simple task may remain fairly strong
      - Older adults may have more trouble ignoring distractions
    - - Working memory holds information for a short time while we use it
      - An example is remembering numbers while solving a math problem
      - Older adults may remember the information but have diffculty moving it around or using it
    - - Some older adults may need more time to make plans or switch strategies
      - Real life experience may help them perform better than test shows
      - Executive functions help us plan, organize, and control our behavior
    - - Remembering names, faces, and small details may become harder
      - Familiar skills, rountines, and habits are usually easier to remember
      - Episodic memory stores personal events, such as what happened yesterday
    - - Hearing difficulties can make spoken language harder to understand
      - Vocabulary and general knowledge oftern remain strong or improve
      - Finding the correct word may sometimes take longer
    - - Knowledge, experience, rountines and good judgement can remain strong
      - Older adults may use notes, list, and learned strategies to support memory
      - Aging does not cause every thinking ability to decline