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The Immune System - Coggle Diagram
The Immune System
HOST DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
CH. 1: ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Pathogens
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Internal parasites
Microbiota
Commensal microorganisms
Live in/on the body
Can compete with potential pathogens
Protection from pathogens
Barriers
Physical
Mucosal surfaces
skin
Chemical
Lysozyme
Antimicrobial peptides
Acidic environments
Innate immunity
Rapid once pathogen enters
Recognition of pathogen
Effector mechanisms
Adaptive immunity
Humoral immunity
T cells
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
Helper T cells (CD4)
Cell-mediated immunity
B cells
Create antibodies
Innate immunity
Builds foundation for adaptive immunity
INTERESTING CONCEPT
Hematopoietic stem cell
Self-renewal
Differentiation
Myeloid lineage
Neutrophils
Rapid phagocytosis
Monocytes
Enter tissues
Macrophages
Phagocytosis + immune signaling
Dendritic cells
Help initiate adaptive immunity
Lymphoid lineage
B cells
Antibody production
T cells
Cell-mediated immunity
NK cells
Kill infected/abnormal cells
CH. 2: IMMEDIATE INNATE RESPONSE
Recognition
Soluble proteins
circulate in blood, lymph, mucous
Cell-surface receptors
Effector mechanisms
Neutrophils
Phagocytosis
Degranulation
1st line of defense against bacteria
Macrophages
Destroy pathogen
NK cells
Destroy virus-infected cells
Complement
C3b
Tags pathogen for destruction
Starts complement cascade
Opsonization
Proteins tag pathogens for destruction
Phagocytosis
Cells engulf and destroy pathogens
Inflammation
Heat - calor
Rubor - redness
Tumor - swelling
Dolor - pain
MAC
Membrane Attack Complex
Pore formed in cell membrane of pathogen to destroy it
Complement marks pathogens for destruction
INTERESTING CONCEPT
Pentraxins
Soluble plasma proteins
Part of innate immunity
Recognize microorganisms
Bind to pathogen
Bind to receptors on phagocytes
Bring pathogen and phagocytize
Pathogen destruction
Phagocytosis
CH. 3: INDUCED INNATE RESPONSE
Sensor cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Pattern recognition receptors
Detect danger signals
Mast cells
Lymphocytes
Cytokines
Signaling between cells
Permit WBCs to leave blood and enter inflamed tissue
Small proteins released by cells
Chemokines
Recruit immune cells
Small proteins that act as chemoattractants
Inflammation
Leukocyte recruitment
Neutrophils
Monocytes
NK cells
Recognize infected/stressed cells
Kill target cells
Produce IFN-γ
Respond to virus-infected cells
INTERESTING CONCEPT
Infammasomes
Pathogen detected
Intracellular sensors recognize danger
Capase-1 activated
Pro-IL-1B
IL-1B
Inflammation
Pro-IL-18
IL-18
Immune activation