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The Stomach (J-Shaped Musculoglandular Organ / ~5 mm Wall) - Coggle Diagram
The Stomach (J-Shaped Musculoglandular Organ / ~5 mm Wall)
Anatomical & Histological Divisions (Topography & Microscopic Regions)
Anatomical Regions (4)
Pylorus (Distal sphincter zone)
Body / Corpus (Main central zone)
Fundus / Greater Tuberosity (Superior dome)
Cardia (Esophagogastric junction)
Histological Regions (2)
Fundic Region (Fundus + Body)
Pyloric Region (Antrum + Canal)
Gastric Mucosa & Glandular Infrastructure
1. Mucosal Architecture (Lumen Outward) : 3 layers
1/ Crypt (Pit) Layer: Formed by surface mucous (foveolar) cells invaginating into the lamina propria
2/ Glandular Layer: Houses the tubular glands opening into the crypt bases
3/ Lymphoid Layer: Deep chorion rich in diffuse immune cells and lymphoid nodules
2. Fundic vs. Pyloric Mucosa Comparison
Fundic Mucosa (Body & Fundus)
Crypts: Short & wide
Glands: Straight, packed, narrow-lumen tubular
Pyloric Mucosa (Antrum & Canal)
Crypts: Deep & narrow
Glands: Coiled, branched, wide-lumen tubular
3. Cellular Composition of Gastric Glands
Fundic Glands (4 Key Cell Types)
Chief (Zymogenic) Cells
Location: Lower third (base/fundus of glands)
Histology: Polyhedral cells with strongly basophilic cytoplasm (abundant rough ER) and apical zymogen granules
Function: Synthesis and secretion of Pepsinogen (proenzyme converted to pepsin by HCl)
Endocrine (Argentaffin / Enteroendocrine) Cells
Location: Scattered individually at the glandular base
Histology: Inverted polarity (narrow apex toward lumen, broad basal pole with dense-core granules)
Types: Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, D cells (somatostatin), A-like cells (ghrelin)
Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells
Location: Upper half (isthmus and body of glands)
Histology: Large, pyramidal/rounded cells with central nucleus and strongly acidophilic cytoplasm (rich in mitochondria); contain an intricate intracellular canalicular system
Function: Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and Intrinsic Factor (vital for Vitamin B12 absorption)
Mucous Neck Cells
Location: Neck / Isthmus region
Histology: Small cuboidal cells; basal round nucleus with mucous apical pole
Function: Precursor/stem cell reservoir for mucosal & glandular epithelial renewal
Pyloric Glands (2 Key Cell Types)
Mucous Glandular Cells
Columnar cells with clear cytoplasm and basal flat nuclei; produce protective PAS-positive mucus
G Cells (Argentaffin)
Specialized endocrine cells scattered among mucous cells; secrete Gastrin directly into systemic circulation to stimulate gastric acid production
Other Tunics, Junctions & Regional Transitions
The Remaining Tunics Of The Gastric Wall
Muscularis Mucosae (Inner Circular / Outer Longitudinal)
Submucosa (Dense CT + Meissner Plexus)
Muscularis Externa (The 3-Layer Muscle Sheet)