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MERGER MERMGER MERGERM EGHRM EGEMRE MEGME MRM ERME RM, History - Coggle…

- - - - Communist groups opposed the government and wanted to establish a communist system.
      - The Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) continued its armed struggle.
      - Communist activities included violence, bombings and subversion.
      - Example: In 1974, two CPM members died when a bomb they were transporting exploded at Still Road.
    - - Threatened Singapore's internal security and political stability.
      - Created fear among the population.
      - Could disrupt Singapore's development and independence.
  - - - Indonesia opposed the formation of Malaysia in 1963.
      - President Sukarno launched Konfrontasi against Malaysia, including Singapore.
      - Singapore experienced bomb attacks, including the 1965 MacDonald House bombing.
      - The bombing killed three people and injured many others.
    - - Caused loss of lives and property.
      - Created fear and insecurity.
      - Showed that Singapore could face external attacks.
      - Strengthened the need for Singapore to defend itself.
  - - - Singapore became independent on 9 August 1965.
      - Singapore had to establish its own defence force and foreign policy.
      - Relations with Malaysia were strained after separation.
      - Singapore was a small country with limited land, manpower and resources.
    - - Singapore became responsible for its own survival and security.
      - It had to build its own armed forces quickly.
      - It needed friendly relations with other countries.
      - Independence made defence and diplomacy urgent national priorities.
  - - - Britain announced its withdrawal from East of Suez.
      - British forces left Singapore in 1971.
      - Singapore had depended heavily on British forces for protection.
      - At independence, Singapore's defence force was very small.
    - - Created a major security gap.
      - Singapore could no longer depend on Britain for protection.
      - Increased the urgency of developing the SAF.
      - Encouraged Singapore to strengthen defence partnerships.
  - - - Singapore experienced serious racial riots in 1964.
      - Tensions between different communities threatened social harmony.
      - Communalism remained a concern in Singapore and neighbouring countries.
      - Singapore was a multi-racial society that needed unity to survive.
    - - Caused deaths, injuries and damage to property.
      - Threatened internal peace and national unity.
      - Could weaken Singapore's ability to respond to external threats.
      - Made racial harmony and social cohesion essential for security.
- - - - Introduced in 1967.
      - Male citizens and permanent residents are required to undergo military training.
      - Full-time NS builds a large pool of trained soldiers.
      - Reservist training keeps servicemen operationally ready.
    - - Rapidly increased Singapore's defence manpower.
      - Allowed Singapore to build a strong defence force despite its small population.
      - Made potential aggressors think twice before attacking.
      - Strengthened national unity through shared service.
  - - - Singapore rapidly developed its Army, Navy and Air Force.
      - SAFTI was established to train military leaders.
      - Singapore invested in modern weapons, technology and defence infrastructure.
      - Defence spending was maintained to keep the SAF capable and ready.
    - - Improved Singapore's ability to defend its sovereignty.
      - Increased the cost and difficulty of attacking Singapore.
      - Reduced dependence on foreign military protection.
      - Gave Singapore confidence and freedom to act independently.
  - - - Introduced in 1984.
      - Encourages everyone in Singapore to play a part in national security.
      - Originally included Military, Civil, Economic, Social and Psychological Defence.
      - Digital Defence was added later to address cyber threats and disinformation.
    - - Made Singapore more resilient against military and non-military threats.
      - Strengthened social cohesion and public preparedness.
      - Helped Singapore continue functioning during crises.
      - Reduced the effectiveness of attempts to divide or weaken Singapore.
- - - - Singapore joined the United Nations in 1965.
      - Singapore became a founding member of ASEAN in 1967.
      - Singapore used international organisations to build recognition and support.
      - ASEAN encouraged cooperation and peaceful relations among Southeast Asian countries.
    - - Gained international recognition as an independent country.
      - Gave Singapore a voice in international affairs.
      - Built friendships and cooperation with neighbouring countries.
      - Helped create a more stable regional environment.
  - - - Singapore built friendly relations with countries around the world.
      - Singapore joined the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) in 1971.
      - FPDA members: Singapore, Malaysia, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
      - FPDA members conduct joint military exercises and maintain defence cooperation.
      - Singapore also strengthened bilateral ties through training, exchanges and cooperation.
    - - Reduced Singapore's diplomatic isolation.
      - Built mutual trust and understanding with other countries.
      - Improved Singapore's defence capabilities and access to training.
      - Helped deter potential aggressors.
      - Strengthened regional peace and security.