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The Portal System (Venous Drainage of Digestive Organs to the Liver),…

- - - - Primary Network
        
        Gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen
      - Secondary Network
        
        Hepatic sinusoids within the liver
  - - - Inferior Mesenteric Vein (IMV)
      - Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV)
      - Splenic Vein
- - - - Clinical Sign: Esophageal varices (risk of severe upper GI hemorrhage)
  - - - Portal: Superior Rectal Vein ↔ Caval: Middle and Inferior Rectal Veins (Internal Iliac)
  - - - Portal: Left Portal Branch / Paraumbilical Veins ↔ Caval: Epigastric Veins (Superior/Inferior)
- - - - Formed Posterior to Pancreatic Isthmus
        
        Course: Oblique Upward, Rightward, & Anterior (Length: ~8 cm | Diameter: ~15 mm)
        
        Retroduodenopancreatic Segment (Proximal 1/3)
        
        Termination: Hepatic Hilum (Porta Hepatis) (Divides into Right & Left Branches)
        
        Omental Segment (Distal 2/3)
    - - Left and Right Gastric Veins
        
        Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Vein
        
        Superficial Cystic Veins
  - - - Passes medially behind the pancreas
    - - Unites with the Inferior Mesenteric Vein (IMV) behind the pancreas to form the Splenomesenteric Trunk
    - - Drains the spleen
  - - - Joins the Splenic Vein to form the Splenomesenteric Trunk
    - - Drains the left colon (descending & sigmoid) and the rectum (superior rectal vein)
  - - - Unites with the Splenomesenteric Trunk behind the pancreatic isthmus to form the Portal Vein
    - - Drains the small intestine (jejunum & ileum) and the right colon (cecum, ascending & transverse colon)
    - - Ascends anterior to the 3rd part of the duodenum (D3) and the uncinate process of the pancreas
        
        Passes posterior to the body/head of the pancreas