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Assignment B - Coggle Diagram
Assignment B
Does Violence Against Journalists Deter Detailed Reporting? Evidence From Mexico
Motive: Scholars lack a systematic analysis of
the relationship between violence against journalists and changes in media content.
Objective: Uncover how violence against journalists influences changes in reporting overtime in a contentious risk-environment.
Main argument: Attacks and threats against journalists are associated with less specific news stories
about violent events related to organized crime. Additional strategies of self-protection adopted by journalists and media members in order to alleviate some pressures of the risk-environment in which they live
Understanding Journalist Killings
Motive: Journalists are killed in democracies and the institutional differences between democratic state matter for a possible the scenario of it.
Main argument: A bottom-up view of statemedia relations, exploring how institutions shape local politicians’ incentives and opportunities to manipulate the flow of information.Trough empirical evidence they test a theoretical argument that shows how elements of local-level democracy carry an inherent risk for journalists that is not always mitigated by democratic institutions at the national level.
Objective: Show that without effective monitoring and accountability, national democratic institutions alone are unable to effectively protect journalists from any perpetrator
Silencing the Fourth Estate? Understanding the
Impact of Online Public Violence Against Political
Journalists
Motive: Bridge the academic gap that explains the role politicians (in)directly play in this violence against journalist
Main Argument: Political journalists face substantial risks, particularly in digital environments, with online violence being the most pervasive form of public violence. This poses a great risk to democratic functioning when targetting press freedom
Objetive: Previous studies have mainly focused on violence originating from audience members, the authors want to explore recent research on the growing trend of media criticism coming from politicians, particularly on socialmedia).
Combating Bullets With a Pen:
The Importance of Free Media and the
Safety of Journalists for Building a Public
Sphere for Democracy in Pakistan
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Main argument: Democracy cannot be nurtured in an environment, where there is no free flow
of information in the public sphere because of a lack of media freedom and fatal risks to the journalists
Obective: Showcase that democratic functioning goes hand to hand with media freedom and no risks for journalists in their reportings.
Violence against Journalists
Motive: Violence against journalists or the press more broadly remains poorly understood and has been defined too narrowly and overlooks indirect or diffuse forms of violence, including structural, cultural, and symbolic violence, which also harm journalists’ occupational performance and well-being.
Main Argument: The necessity of correctly defining violence against journalists, as both direct and indirect aggressions that may cause harm to journalists’ occupational performance or individual well-being as it emphasizes the effects of violence to journalism as a source of societal improvement and to journalist's human rights.
Objective: A way towards the improvement in measures and comparative methodologies, and an empirical focus on consequences including resiliency are gaps
that urgently need to be addressed.
Killing the Messenger: Regime Type as a
Determinant of Journalist Killing, 1992–2008
Objective: Our study aims to begin to fill this n the academic literature by examining whether regime type plays a role in
affecting lethal violence against journalists
Main Argument: Their argument centers on the idea that opportunities for reporting created by more democratic political systems can in fact be the very thing that puts journalists most at risk. In the absence of protection, we might expect a chilling effect on the accountability that journalists otherwise provide and
an erosion of openness, democracy, and the rule of law. This makes the protection of journalists, even in (and maybe especially in) free and open societies, a
priority of the highest order.
Motive: The necessity for democratic functioning to protect journalistics being targeted by polititcal violence to protect political accountability.
Journalism Under Threat
Motive: Focusing on democratic violence against journalists as, research on violence and threats to journalists in
(Western) democracies is very sparse, even though democracies also have, at various
points, used violence against media professionals and institution
Objective: Showcase that intimidation and harassment indeed constitute an effective way to silence journalists, even in the context of a stable democratic society like Sweden. The neef for discussion regarding external pressure and threats to studies of journalistic autonomy, including in countries like Sweden.
Main Argument: The intention behind
much of the harassment experienced by Swedish journalists does indeed seem to be to
prevent the expression of ideas of a multicultural society and to some extent gender equality from being expressed in the public sphere.