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Energy from food - Coggle Diagram
Energy from food
heterotroph
energy ultimately comes from sun
most solar energy is not directly available to animals
rely on autotrophs
examples
plants
algae
cyanobacteria
harness radiation energy from sun
energy transferred from producers to consumers
through trophic level foodchains
energy transfer is inefficient
~10% of energy from one level is transferred to next level
digestion & absorption of food
ingested food hydrolyzed to small molecules
digested molecules move from lumen through enterocytes into interstitial fluid
apical side with microvilli
basal side is flattened
attached to extracellular matrix
basal lamina underneath
underneath this is connective tissue
enter circulation in vessle sin connective tissue
folds: villi & microvilli in midgut
increase surface area
food processing by digestive system
food ingested
passes through gastrointestinal tract/ alimentary canal
food is morved by perstalsis
triploblastic :star:
diploblastic: 2 germ layers
jelly fish
3 layers
mesoderm
ectoderm
endoderm
GI tract lined with epithelial tissue
absorbs nutrient particles
3 broad regions
foregut
mechanical digestion
storage of food
ex: esophagus
midgut
chemical digestion
nutrient absorption
ex: small intestine
hindgut
absorption of water & salt
houses of symbiotic microbes
storage of food waste
mammalian GI tracts
hindgut fermenter
large caecum, store bacteria to help digestion
long large intestine
foregut fermenter
omnivore
carnivore
digestion of carbohydrates
glycosidases
enzymes for carbohydrate hydrolysis
examples
amylase
breaks alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds of starch
maltase
hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules
sucrase
hydrolyzes surcorse into glucose & fructose
lactase
hydrolyzes lactose into glucose & galactose
digested monosaccharides are absorbed into enterocytes
