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Endocrine Glands - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine Glands
Anterior Pituitary
Hormonal stimulation from hypothalamus
"Master gland"
Hormones affect target glands
TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone
Causes thyroid to secrete T3 and T4
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Causes adrenal cortex to release cortisol
PRL - Prolactin
stimulates milk production
GH - Growth Hormone
stimulates growth/metabolism of all body cells
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
Ovaries- growth of ovarian follicles
Testes -healthy sperm production
LH - Luteinizing hormone
Testes- Testosterone production
Ovaries- Estrogen and progesterone production
Hypothalamus
Control Center
Stimulates anterior and posterior pituitary
TRH - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TSH release from Anterior pituitary
GHRH- Growth hormone releasing hormone
GH release from anterior pituitary
PIH- Prolactin inhibiting hormone
Prolactin release from anterior pituitary
CRH- Corticotropin releasing hormone
ACTH release from anterior pituitary
GnRH - Gonadotropin releasing hormone
LH and FSH release from anterior pituitary
GHIH - Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
GH inhibition from anterior pituitary
Thyroid
T3 and T4
Growth and metabolism
Calcitonin (minor function)
Decrease Blood Calcium
Pancreas
Antagonistic hormones
Insulin
Decrease blood glucose
Glucagon
Increase blood glucose
Humoral stimulation (blood glucose levels)
Endocrine and exocrine gland
Pineal
Melatonin
sleep-wake cycles
Peaks at night
Neural stimulation through optic pathway
Posterior Pituitary
Not a true endocrine gland
Stores/releases ADH and Oxytocin
ADH- Water Retention
Oxytocin - Intensify labor contractions/ "let down" milk
Neural stimulation from hypothalamus
Adrenal
Medulla
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Fight/flight neural response
Cortex
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Water/Salt Balance
Increase BP
Glococorticoids (Cortisol)
Stress response
Gonadocorticoids (Androgens)
Secondary sex characteristics
Testes
Testosterone
Stimulated at puberty
Thymus
Immune function
Thymosin
Deteriorates with age
Ovaries
Progesterone
Estrogen
Stimulated at puberty
Parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone
Major role to increase blood calcium levels
Bone resorption from osteoclast stimulation
Source: Hoenn, K., Haynes, L. W., & Abbott, M. A. (2025). 16: The Endocrine System. In
Marieb Human Anatomy and Physiology
(12th ed., pp. 601–640). essay, Pearson.
