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Early Thinkers - Coggle Diagram
Early Thinkers
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
Analyzed social practices such as social class, suicide, women's rights, economics, religion , and government.
Two of her most famous works are Society in America and Retrospect of Western Travel. They were the first systematic methodological international comparisons of social institutions.
She brought attention to the inconsistency of the belief that all are equal with the lack of women's rights.
She was discounted in her time because of the male dominance in the profession.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Had a theory about how societies transformed into capitalist and industrial societies from a primitive state. He believed people rose to the levels based on merit.
Determined if a society was "healthy" (stable) or "pathological" (breakdown in social norms).
After studying suicide records in Catholic and Protestant communities, he determined that the results were due to socio-religious reasons more so than psychological or individual reasons.
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
He reintroduced the term "sociology" after it was coined by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
Believed that society could be improved if patterns were studied and understood.He called it positivism.
Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
Had the idea of 'the looking-glass self'. The idea that a person compares themselves to others to see where they stand in society. Seeing themselves through others' reactions.
He feared the disruption of families due to the increasing competitiveness and individualism in US society.
Robert E. Park (1864-1944)
One of the first to focus on the study of minorities
Showed that there was chaos in inner cities, not because of the people but because of the environment.
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
Built ideas off of the 'looking-glasses' concept. How people responded to others' reactions depended on who it was. Significant others were more of an influence than general people.