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Thelper cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Th1: T-bet → IFN-γ
      - Th17: RORγt → IL-17
      - IL-12 → T-bet ↑ → Th1-like
      - IL-1β + IL-23 → RORγt/Th17 program
      - Th17 cells can acquire T-bet + IFN-γ → Th1-like/“ex-Th17” cells
      - Particularly important in chronic inflammation/autoimmunity.
    - - Th2: GATA-3 → IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
      - Th1: T-bet → IFN-γ
      - Strong IL-12/IFN-γ signaling can promote a Th1 program.
      - Th2 cells can acquire IFN-γ/T-bet characteristics in certain inflammatory environments.
- - - - Th2: GATA-3 → IL-4/IL-5/IL-13
      - Th17: RORγt → IL-17
      - Environmental cytokines can shift the transcriptional program between type-2 and type-17 characteristics.
- - - - Th17: RORγt → IL-17
      - Treg: FoxP3 → IL-10, TGF-β
      - TGF-β is important for both programs, but the surrounding cytokines determine the outcome:
        
        TGF-β + IL-6/IL-21/IL-23 → Th17
        
        TGF-β + IL-2 → Treg
      - Thus, the cytokine environment can shift the balance between regulatory and inflammatory phenotypes.