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WASTE SECTOR - Coggle Diagram
WASTE SECTOR
pEPR
Packaging extended producer responsibility (pEPR) is a UK-wide scheme that requires packaging producers to cover the full cost of managing household packaging waste - includes the costs of collecting, sorting, recycling and disposing of packaging once it is discarded by consumers
og scheme began in 1997 but producers pais relatively small proption once it became waste with authrtiies and taaxpayers paying brunt
Since April 2025, the UK has operated a revised pEPR scheme under which producers pay fees based on the amount and type of packaging they place on the market. These fees are used to fund local authorities’ management of household packaging waste, including collection, sorting, recycling and disposal.
Fees will be paid to councils to improve recycling infrastructure etc - must be spent on this and not elsewhere
UK ETS
ETS - The limit is split into carbon allowances (UKAs). One allowance = 1 tonne of CO2. Covers power stations, oil refineries, and the manufacturing of metals, glass, paper, cement, and chemicals
EfW
to include emissions from waste incineration and energy-from-waste (EfW) facilities postponed from 2028 preceded by a 2-year MRV transitional period
ESA Response: Opposing it outright would be untenable for a sector positioning itself as part of the solution
Support it but call for regulationa round waste crime and exports to encourage doemstic indsutry and dunping.exporting of waste
Carbon leakage
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The UK ETS is designed to mitigate carbon leakage risks through increased free allocations to operators in sectors identified as being at risk.
Carbon leakage refers to the movement of production and associated emissions from one country to another due to different levels of decarbonisation effort through carbon pricing and climate regulation undermining overall efforts to reduce global emissions.
Free allowances also provide a financial incentive for companies to innovate and improve efficiency, as they can sell their excess free allocation on the secondary market to help cover their decarbonisation costs.
Simpler Recycling
From 31 March 2026, by default, waste collectors must collect the following types of waste separately:
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all other dry recyclable materials (glass, metal and plastic, including cartons)
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Plastic film packaging and plastic bags will need to be collected with plastic recycling from 31 March 2027.
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Defra’s Collection and Packaging reforms are anticipated to deliver substantial increases in the
recycling of target materials in England in the next ten to fifteen years