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The Environment and Development - Coggle Diagram
The Environment and Development
The Development-Environment Link
Development often uses natural resources and energy
Rapid or poorly managed development can seriously damage the environment
Balancing growth with protecting the environment is a major global challenge
Examples of Environmental Damage (Figure 4.50)
Air
Air pollution, global warming, ozone depletion
Land
Deforestation, land degradation, opencast mining, farm erosion
River
River pollution from fertilisers/pesticides, threatened wetlands
Sea
Marine pollution, oil rig accidents, overfishing, coral reef damage
Possible Solutions
Switch to renewable/clean energy
Enforce emission controls on vehicles and industry
Promote sustainable farming and reforestation
Protect wetlands and marine areas
Enforce fishing quotas and strict environmental regulations
Carbon Emissions and Global Inequality
Some countries have a high % share of world emissions (e.g. China, USA)
Other countries have high per capita emissions despite smaller populations (e.g. Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia)
Wealthier/more developed countries generally use more energy per person
Fast-industrialising countries can have a large total share due to population size
International and National Responses
Kyoto Protocol - international agreement to reduce greenhouse gases
Carbon/emissions taxes, e.g. South Africa's CO2 tax on new vehicles
Investment in renewable energy (solar, wind)
Millennium Development Goal: ensure environmental sustainability
Sustainable Development
Meeting the needs of today without harming future generations' ability to meet their own needs
Balances economic, social and environmental needs
Case Study Links
Keboes Fruit Farms - irrigation and sustainable, fair trade farming
SADC Groundwater and Drought Management Project - shared water resource management
Gogo Dlamini - permaculture as environmentally sustainable development
What You Can Do
Use public transport, walk or cycle
Save electricity and use energy-efficient devices
Reduce, reuse and recycle