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Module 3: What situations influence our choices? - Coggle Diagram
Module 3: What situations influence our choices?
Thesis 1: Social pressure can override individual judgment
Conformity Bias -- Asch Experiment
Pressure does not need to be explicit. Unanimity makes individuals doubt or suppress their own judgment. One dissenter can greatly reduce conformity.
Moral muteness
reluctant to raise or frame concerns in explicitly ethical terms
Obedience to authority -- Milgram Experiment
Responsibility can feel transferred upward: "I was told to continue "
Institutional legitimacy makes obedience easier
Gradual escalation made stopping increasingly difficult
Authority can weaken our sense of personal moral responsibility
Incrementalism: Small steps normalize behavior that would seem unacceptable if introduced all at once
Thesis 2: Organizations shape what people notice and reward
In Ethical Breakdowns, the idea of ethical fading is really important, that is the moral dimension of a decision disappears from view when it is framed as a business, legal, or technical problem.
Relate to how Hans Jonas in "Technology and Responsibility" described that traditional ethics needs to be reframed since the development of technology change the basis of our ethics, meaning that technology have greater impact on future generations to prevent ethics cannot bond our conduct from happening.
Incentive Gaming: narrow metrics encourage people to game the metrics rather than pursue the real goal
"Science of Moral Decoupling": the score becomes the product, and the metrics becomes detached from the value it was originally meant to present
Conflict of Interest leads to motivated blindness
We are less likely to notice unethical behavior when noticing it would threaten our own interests. Conflict of interest changes what people are willing or able to see.
Thesis 3: Modern technology expands the scope of responsibility
technology expands human power which brings large-scale and long-term consequences, cumulative, irreversible and uncertain effects.
We need new objects of moral responsibility. We need to have obligations on nature, future generations, and human nature itself.
foresight
restraint
humility