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Unit 2: How did singapore become a british trading post? - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2: How did singapore become a british trading post?
Why did the british need a new trading post
India China trade: Highly lucrative, EIC exported cotton and opium from india and bought tea, silk, porcelain from china -> They need a trading port to protect this trade
Spice trade -> Spices highly valuable in europe, EIC wants share of spice trade in SEA, but monopolised by the dutch (Shifed routes to batavia and sunda straits)
The british existing trading posts not suitable
Penang -> Too far north to control straits of melaka
Bencoolen -> Wrong side of sumatra, not along main route
What challenges did they face in the creation of this post and how did they solve them
Temmenong (Whom raffles approached) did not have power to grant EIC trading post. Only Sultan Johor riau can do. But... he was allied to t
Raffles took advantage of succession dispute (Older brother was not present, so younger brother was appointed in his place) Invited the older brother back, recognised him as the rightful sultan, and got him to sign the
1819 treaty
that let them establsih a trading post. William farquhar was the first resident
Dutch were angry at the british actions
Signed the
1824 Anglo dutch treaty
, cared up SEA into spheres of influence. British: Melaka, Penang, Singapore. Dutch: Everything else (Induding bencoolen and batavia)
British did not have full control over singapore
Crawfurd signed
1823 treaty of friendship and alliegance
with sultan abdul raman and the temmengong-> Allowed the british to take full control of the island
How did key individuals contributre to the development of singapore
William farquhar (First resident of singapore)
Set up defensive positions at singapore river and government hill
Promoted singapore and free port. By 1823, attracted lots of people (Traders and labourers)
Set up a police force using money collected from opium and gambling licenses
Stamford raffles
Set up the singapore town plan
Dismissed farquhar when he found out farquhar did not set up the island the way he wanted (gambling and opium)
Shut down gambling dens
John crawfurd (Second resident of singapore)
Re-introduced gambling dens
Established singapores first newpaper and street lighting
Signed the 1824 treaty of friendship and alliegence
Their search
1818-> Stamford raffles got the permissison of Governor General of british india lord hastings to establish a british port.
Dutch were not happy, lodged complaints. So EIC headquarters sent a letter to India forbidding raffles to lay claim to territory. But by the time letter reached, Raffles already left
Why was singapore suitable
Natural sheltered harbour -> Protected ships
Good supply of drinking water -> Ships can refuel
Located at southern tip of straits of melaka -> Halfway port b/w india and china.