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HOFSTEDE: CULTURAL DIMENSION - Coggle Diagram
HOFSTEDE: CULTURAL DIMENSION
the cultural dimension is very clear (not abstract) > they want to male sense of practical problems that they encounter
Indicators
> to make sense of culture based responses that people might have
POWER DISTANCE
= acceptance of unequal power distribution (not everyone accept the idea that there is no equal power distribution between interlocutors)
high vs low
HIERARCHY (leader) vs GROUP
ALIGNMENT vs NEGOTIATION
CONTROL vs AUTONOMY, TRUST
High power distance
> the idea that there is a certain distance between the interlocutors is not questionable > you would accept HIERARCHY, ALIGNMENT, CONTROL (it does not appear as being discriminatory)
Low power distance
> according to some community power is not natural (it could be necessary) > the importance for them is the group > GROUP, NEGOTIATION, TRUST, the leader and the leader has a sense of AUTONOMY
not "NO POWER DISTANCE" > even in those cultures that embrace low power distance, might still have the idea that in some groups someone that holds the power/takes responsibility is necessary
INDIVIDUALISM vs COLLECTIVISM
= individual (taking care of self before others is central) vs community member
INDIVIDUALISM
= in some cultures the very idea of a society is that a society is made up of plenty of
individuals
(we are all different); individualistic cultures would favor the idea of privacy; individualistic cultures consider
personal success
as something
positive
COLLECTIVISM
= we tend to be more cautious in showing that we are successful (you don't tell people you're rich); collectivistic society would share the idea of community
AUTONOMY (identity) vs TEAM > AUTONOMY = a society is made up of plenty of individuals, we don't have to sacrifice ourselves to make someone feel safe; we want to show that we are different
SUCCESS ("dream") vs RESULTS (for the benefit of others) > in individualistic societies they share the idea of personal success as something positive (follow your dreams)
PRIVACY vs SHAREDNESS/COMMUNITY > individualistic societies share the idea of privacy; collectivistic societies would share the idea of community
UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
= fear of uncertain/unknown situation - need for rules (idea of hypocognition > something we don't know > "how do we approach?" > in some cases through stereotypes, for others the unknown is dangerous)
FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN vs CURIOSITY/CHALLENGE > the criteria you use to deal with hypocognition; in some cases you want to find out
ORDER vs CHANGE > we think that to deal with this we need order (this helps you to understand), other would consider the possibility to change as positive
STATUS QUO vs PROGRESS/DEVELOPMENT
STATUS QUO = we are ok with our way of living/habits (comfort zone) because we are scared of changes/progress
PROGRESS = we are moving on
Indicators
> to make sense of culture based responses that people might have
MASCULINITY vs FEMININITY
= gender distinction vs gender overlap (the idea that we associate to the mother-figure and the father-figure)
Father
= an almost institutionalized role within the family (certain detachement)
Mother
= presuppose closeness
STRICT (if there are principles they should apply to everyone with no exceptions) vs OPEN (there are some rules but they are just general models that might help, but we are absolutely open)
CONCRETE (idea of duty > you want to be sure that certain practices would produce concrete results) vs IDEALISTIC (idealistic approach to reality, passion, quality time, rather than practical approach to reality)
DIRECTNESS (this is the problem > this is the best possible solution > that's it) vs NEGOTIATION
ORIENTATION
(long-term vs short-term) = the approach to time > future (rewards) vs present (past, heritage, tradition); future not considered because it's not there
"ant" (the type of animal that works in view of a possible future) vs "grasshopper" (enjoys life without caring about the future)
PRESENT PREPARES THE FUTURE (you sacrifice yourself in the present, in view of a better future) vs PRESENT (from the past)
TIME/MONEY TO BE SAVED vs TO BE ENJOYED
ADAPTATION TO CHANGES (only when things are not going as planned) vs STABILITY
INDULGENCE
= acceptance of deviance and criticism > acceptance of something that is not normal (something that is not as expected)
TOLERANCE TOWARDS DIVERGENCE (acceptation of diversion) vs REJECTION OF DIVERGENCE (tolerance > this is my way of thinking, if your mindset is different from mine it's ok > I can learn something new from you; rejection > you consider differences as something dangerous)
ACCEPTANCE OF CRITICISM vs REJECTION OF CRITICISM