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Agroecosystems - Coggle Diagram
Agroecosystems
The selection of species
Suitability of the environment:
temperature
light: intensity, day length
water availability
soil fertility
topography
relief
pest problems
Technological factors:
availability of energy
pesticides
machinery/equipment
irrigation
transport infrastructure
The biotic factors that affect productivity:
Pest control: predators, competitors, pathogens, eg insects, fungi, weeds, bacteria.
The abiotic factors controlled in agroecosystems:
temperature
light: intensity, day length
water availability
nutrient supply
topography
relief
pH
carbon dioxide
soil fertility
soil salinity
Management strategies
Cultural pest control:
crop rotation/cultivation management
barrier crops
companion crops
predator habitats
biological control: introduced predators/pathogens
sterile male techniques
pheromone traps
genetic resistance
Pesticides
How the properties of pesticides influence their effectiveness and environmental impacts:
toxicity
specificity
persistence
solubility in water/lipids
mode of action: contact/systemic
A comparison of insecticide groups to consider their relative advantages and disadvantages:
organochlorines
organophosphates
pyrethroids
neonicotinoids
Antibiotics:
as growth promoters
to prevent infection
to treat infections
Manipulation of food species
Genetic manipulation:
selective breeding
asexual reproduction/vegetative propagation/cloning
genetic engineering/transgenics/GM
Agricultural energetics:
The ways in which agricultural energetics can be quantified and their applications:
productivity
efficiency
intensive/extensive systems
energy subsidies: machinery, fertilisers, pesticides, transport, processing
energy ratios and efficiency: a comparison of intensive and extensive systems