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Anatomy of the Colon (Ileocecal Valve to Rectosigmoid Junction) - Coggle…
Anatomy of the Colon (Ileocecal Valve to Rectosigmoid Junction)
Colonic Subdivisions (Classical & Vascular)
Classical Anatomical Division
Composed of 6 segments and 2 flexures (angles) arranged in a frame-like configuration around the abdominal cavity :
Segments
Pelvic (Sigmoid) Colon
Iliac Colon
Descending Colon
Transverse Colon
Ascending Colon
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Flexures / Angles
Right Colic Angle (Hepatic Flexure)
Junction of ascending and transverse colon
Left Colic Angle (Splenic Flexure)
Junction of transverse and descending colon
Vascular Division (SMA vs. IMA Territory)
Right Colon (Midgut Origin)
Arterial Supply: Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
Includes:
Cecum & Appendix
Ascending colon
Right colic flexure (
hepatic
)
Proximal 2/3 of Transverse colon
Left Colon (Hindgut Origin)
Arterial Supply: Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)
Includes:
Left 1/3 of Transverse colon
Left colic flexure (
splenic
)
Descending colon
Iliac & Pelvic (
sigmoid
) colon
External Configuration (3 Key Hallmark Features)
Unlike the smooth, featureless surface of the small intestine, the colon is easily identified by three distinctive surface structures:
Haustra (Colic Haustrations)
Sacculations/pouches along the wall, created by the muscular contraction of the shorter teniae coli relative to the colonic length
Separated internally and externally by transverse grooves (semilunar folds)
Epiploic Appendages (Appendices Epiploicae)
Small, fat-filled peritoneal projections attached along the teniae coli
Longitudinal Bands (Teniae Coli)
Concentrated bands of outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Histological Structure (4 Wall Layers: Outer → Inner)