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HYPOCOGNITION VS HYPERCOGNITION - Coggle Diagram
HYPOCOGNITION VS HYPERCOGNITION
HYPOCOGNITION
something new & simingly relevant > desire to know
this goes on when we have to deal with new things in reality > things that we consider particularly relevant and we want to know more about it
in situations like that we apply the filters of
Deletion
,
Distortion
and
Generalization
> the combination of these three can manifest themselves according to this
2 levels
Prejudice
= models based on
emotion
and
interest
(resentment/fear vs empathy) = it does clearly function as a distortion lens (EMOTION BASED MODEL)
if guided by
resentment/fear
(negative because we see certain things as being problematics) >
aggressive
interpretation of reality: you try to make sense of reality in terms of
responsibility
and
guilt
(ex Someone did something wrong, I have to find out the cause)
if guided by
empathy
(positive) >
defensive
interpretation of reality by which our intention is to try to find
explanations
,
justification
and
excuses
for what happened (rather than judge we prefer understanding)
Stereotypes
= models based on ANALOGY/GENERALIZATION (templates to assess/distortion the little evidence we have)
objects that stand for the whole cathegory
ex white people/black people...> nationalities are always linked to stereotypes
when we use stereotypes to get as close as possible to something and we abandon it when you realize
in our culture they are considered as something negative > they are bad if you keep referring to the stereotype instead of what reality really is
COGNITION AND UNDERSTANDING
when we understand that prejudice or stereotype does not apply to a specific object we abandon it and we move on to fully understand it
the only way to get to cognition is
OBSERVATION
HYPERCOGNITION
seemingly solid understanding, but based on
Deletion+Distortion+Generalization
- ignoring, selecting, combining, ordering scattered bits of information > based on interpretation/dogma
ex hypothesis about covid, during time they became a dogma > if you did not get along with those hypothesis you were a negationist (they kind of ignored the evidence)
certain things cannot be questioned
based on
INTERPRETATION
rather than observation
you exclude certain things to be even considerable
you take prejudice and stereotype as much valid than the actual reality; instead of finding the way out of the problem we find alternative solutions to the problem (but the problem stays there) > we keep repeating the whole thing
when we don't really want to solve the problem, but we want to talk about it (we want to show that we care about the problem) > it can be applied to
things
and
human beings
when applied to
phenomena/things
Othering
= fixing sets of generalizations, stereotypes that "define" the unknown as clearly different from what we know (you recognize that thing to be completely different from what you have seen until then)
when applied to
people
Othering
= stereotype that "define" the unknown, as clearly different from us; ex you keep considering that group of people as been different from you > migrants = impossible to have integration
Culturism
= linking such otherness to specific culture > ethnic, social, professional... (referring to "othering" they are different from us because it is their culture)
Essentialism
= all members of such culture are essentially the same, that culture is essentially like that (every single person that belongs to that specific group shares the same features)
PROBLEMS WITH HYPERCOGNITION
Solving problem
= we want the reality easier to access, usable, manageable; we can pass it or use it in order to deal with everyday life
with hypercognition we tend not to solve the problem, because we tend to endive
othering
; it is a way to
CLAIM SELF IMPORTANCE
(you make yourself visible) > it is the desire to manifest ourselves
hypercognition is always a way of perceiving the reality based on
EMOTIONS
(the way you perceive > independent from reality) rather than evidence (the way reality is)
Aggressive hypercognition distortions (resentment for Other)
Evidence < Emotion (dogma, myth...)
> you end up having ideas that are not contestable: this is what is called
DOGMA
(something you cannot criticize); you end up having a
MYTH OF REALITY
instead of observation of reality
Binary resistance perspective (victimizing perspective): Us vs Others
> when you notice that there is something new/different, the simple fact that we know that is something new is a
BINARY PERSPECTIVE
, you establish that the specific phenomena is something different from you >
YOU DISTINGUISH YOURSELF FROM THAT PHENOMENA
Heroic self-positioning: we oppose the Other = hero > siding with the Other = hero
(there are other people that agree with you)
First case
: the heroic self-positioning is "I'm going to defend my community from this new phenomena" (I'm the hero)
Second case
: "I do care about this new phenomena, I'm a hero because I'm doing as much as I can in order to be helpful for them"
False sharing
> focusing on common grounds presupposes they are not so evident/relevant
Unvoluntary forms of culturism
: Other is "like" us > they are not us; need to have/define the Other in order to side with it