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Basic Principles of Statistics - Coggle Diagram
Basic Principles of Statistics
Fundamentals of Statistics and Its Professional Application
Statistics: science that studies data.
Data: information obtained about a phenomenon.
Population: the entire group that is intended to be studied.
Sample: a representative part of a population.
Variable: a characteristic that can be measured or classified.
Professional application: allows decisions to be made based on information.
Organization and Description of Statistical Information
Data Collection: obtaining data.
Organization: classification and arrangement of data.
Tables: present data in an organized manner.
Frequency: the number of times a data value occurs.
Graphs: visually represent information.
Description: makes it easier to understand the behavior of the data.
Statistical Measures for the Analysis of a Variable
Mean: the average of the data.
Median: the central value of the ordered data.
Mode: the value that occurs most frequently.
Range: the difference between the highest and lowest values.
Measures of Dispersion: show how spread out the data are.
Objective: to summarize and analyze a variable.
Statistical Indices and Ratios in Comparative Analysis
Index: allows changes between different periods or situations to be measured.
Ratio: compares two related quantities.
Percentage: expresses a proportion out of 100.
Comparison: allows increases, decreases, or differences to be identified.
Application: facilitates the evaluation of changes and trends.
Statistical Analysis of Two or More Variables
Variables: characteristics that can be related to each other.
Relationship: allows the joint behavior of variables to be studied.
Correlation: measures the degree of relationship between variables.
Comparison: allows differences and patterns to be identified.
Analysis: helps identify possible relationships between data.
Interpretation and Communication of Statistical Results
Interpretation: explains the meaning of the results.
Analysis: allows conclusions to be drawn from the data.
Conclusions: summarize the main findings.
Communication: presents the results clearly.
Reports and Graphs: tools used to communicate information.
Decision-Making: uses statistical results to make well-informed decisions.