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🧠 UNIT IV: METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN OF RESEARCH - Coggle Diagram
🧠 UNIT IV: METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN OF RESEARCH
🌿 1️⃣ Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches
🔹 Concept → Quantitative: measures and explains relationships between variables (positivist). → Qualitative: interprets meanings and experiences of the actors involved (constructivist). → Mixed: integrates both approaches through triangulation.
🔹 Characteristics → Complementary, not opposing. → Choice depends on the problem and objectives. → Each has its own strengths and limitations.
🔹 Objectives → Select the most suitable approach for the phenomenon studied. → Combine approaches when a comprehensive view is needed.
🔹 Importance → Allows understanding the complexity of educational reality from different perspectives.
🌿 2️⃣ Methods and techniques in pedagogical research
🔹 Concept → Quantitative: experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, descriptive. → Qualitative: case study, ethnography, action research, phenomenology, grounded theory. → Mixed: sequential or parallel designs combining both techniques.
🔹 Characteristics → Coherent with the epistemological approach. → Diverse depending on the type of data sought. → Applied with ethics and sensitivity.
🔹 Objectives → Collect valid data relevant to the problem. → Strengthen interpretation through triangulation (in mixed designs).
🔹 Importance → Strengthens the teacher's role as a critical, reflective researcher.
🌿 3️⃣ Selecting population and sample
🔹 Concept → Population: total group of subjects with the study's characteristics. → Sample: representative or strategic subset of that population. → Probabilistic sampling (quantitative) vs. purposive/theoretical sampling (qualitative).
🔹 Characteristics → Justified and transparent. → Defined by inclusion/exclusion criteria. → Ethically handled (consent, voluntariness).
🔹 Objectives → Obtain relevant and representative information. → Ensure the study's validity.
🔹 Importance → Guarantees the quality, coherence, and credibility of the research.
🌿 4️⃣ Designing data collection instruments
🔹 Concept → Quantitative: questionnaires, surveys, standardized tests (operationalized variables). → Qualitative: interview guides, observation protocols, field diaries. → Mixed: coherent integration of both instrument types.
🔹 Characteristics → Rigorous and validated (pilot testing). → Clear and unambiguous. → Ethical and culturally appropriate.
🔹 Objectives → Translate the study's objectives into concrete data. → Capture the complexity of the educational phenomenon.
🔹 Importance → The validity of the results depends on the quality of the instruments used.
🌿 5️⃣ Ethical considerations in educational research
🔹 Concept → Informed consent (including guardian authorization for minors). → Confidentiality and data protection. → Returning results to the educational community.
🔹 Characteristics → Voluntary and free of pressure. → Respectful of privacy and dignity. → Committed to social transformation.
🔹 Objectives → Avoid physical, psychological, or social harm to participants. → Ensure a fair and legitimate research process.
🔹 Importance → The foundation that gives legitimacy, justice, and integrity to the knowledge produced.