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Rectal Neurovasculature & Drainage, Territory - Coggle Diagram
Rectal Neurovasculature & Drainage
Arterial Supply (4 Rectal Arterial Systems)
Middle Rectal Arteries
Arise from the Internal Iliac Arteries
Median Sacral Artery
Unpaired terminal branch of the Abdominal Aorta
Terminates on the posterior surface of the anal canal
Superior Rectal Arteries (IMA Terminal Branch)
Terminal branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)
Supplies almost the entire rectal ampulla (main blood supply)
Inferior Rectal Arteries
Arise from the Internal Pudendal Arteries (in the ischioanal fossa)
Internal Iliac System
Venous Drainage (Portocaval Anastomosis)
Submucosal Rectal Venous Plexus (Hemorrhoidal Plexus)
Portal System Tributary
Superior Rectal Veins
Inferior Mesenteric Vein (IMV)
Splenic Vein
Portal Vein
Caval (Systemic) Tributaries
Median Sacral Vein
Left Common Iliac V.
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
Inferior Rectal Veins
Internal Pudendal V.
Middle Rectal Veins
Internal Iliac V.
Clinical Correlations
Portocaval Anastomosis
The submucosal plexus forms a major communication between the portal and systemic venous systems. In portal hypertension, blood backs up here
Hemorrhoids
Pathological varicose dilations of the submucosal hemorrhoidal venous plexuses (internal vs. external)
Autonomic Innervation
Superior Rectal Plexus
Continuation of the Inferior Mesenteric Plexus (sympathetic/parasympathetic supply to upper rectum)
Middle & Inferior Rectal Plexuses
Derived from the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus (Pelvic Plexus)
Lymphatic Pedicles & Node Targets
Superior Rectal Pedicle
Drains upper rectum → Inferior Mesenteric Nodes
Middle Rectal Pedicle
Drains middle/lower pelvic rectum → Hypogastric (Internal Iliac) Nodes
Inferior Rectal Pedicle
Drains anal canal below dentate line → Superficial Inguinal Nodes
Territory