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Scientific Research in Reading - Coggle Diagram
Scientific Research in Reading
Do higher parental literacy skills result in higher literacy skills in their children?
Independent variable: parental literacy
Dependent variable: child literacy
Bergman Deitcher, D., Aram, D., & Abramovich, D. (2024). Parents’ Literacy Beliefs, Home Literacy Activities, and Children’s Early Literacy Skills: Stability and Progress Approaching First Grade. Behavioral Sciences (2076-328X), 14(11), 1038.
https://doi-org.unco.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/bs14111038
Schwartz, J., Shi, Q., & Woltering, S. (2026). The Association Between Home Learning Environment, Parental Belief, and Children’s Reading Abilities. Reading Psychology, 47(5), 786–802.
https://doi-org.unco.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/02702711.2026.2614439
Components of a scientific experiment
A testable yes-or-no question with clear variables
Randomly assigned control and treatment groups
Builds on previous scientific knowledge and current theories
Coherent and explicit reasoning
Peer-reviewed
Ideally well-funded and staffed and immune to pressures from politics or boards
Internal validity for an experiment is about ensuring that the independent variable was the cause of the effect and not an other, confounding, variable.
External validity is how the results can be replicated or applied outside of the study. If the study is not internally valid, it cannot be externally valid.
Ineffective teaching practices
Popcorn reading embarrasses students and can even reduce comprehension as students pick up on poor skills from others
Prewritten notes. Students recall better when they have to write in their own phrasing.
Whole class punishments like taking away recess. Research currently lacking, but in economic sanctions punishment does not work. A study on collective punishment says it is ineffective or counterproductive depending. Punishes those not at fault and makes social relationships harder for the ones who are at fault.
Learning styles are not real and put students in boxes.
Differentiating with advanced students helping struggling ones. This is not true differentiation, it is just convenient for the teachers. Does not give the advanced ones a challenge at their level.
Reading experiment results
Inferential statistics
Effect size
Could the results be recreated elsewhere and worth being implemented?
How large was the difference between the groups tested?
Statistical significance
Correlation does not equal causation. Did the independent variable cause the result or was it a confounding one?
Was there a difference between the two groups tested?
Descriptive statistics
Mean, mode, median
Sample size (around 1000 is ideal)
Growth
Standard deviation