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Anatomy of the Stomach (J-Shaped Food Reservoir Between Esophagus &…
Anatomy of the Stomach (J-Shaped Food Reservoir Between Esophagus & Duodenum)
General Topography & Metrics
Dimensions & Capacity
Thickness
8–10 cm
Capacity
1.5 L (approx.)
Width
10–12 cm
Length
25–30 cm
Location & Compartment
Supramesocolic compartment
Occupies :
Left Hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Thoraco-abdominal organ
Embryological Overview
Ligamentous Attachment
Gastrophrenic Ligament
Anchors fundus to inferior diaphragm
Omental Attachments
Gastrocolic Omentum
part of Greater Omentum
Gastrosplenic Omentum
Gastrohepatic Omentum
part of Lesser Omentum
External & Internal Configuration
External Morphology
2 Borders (Curvatures)
Lesser Curvature (Right)
Concave; forms the Angular Incisure (Incisura angularis)
Greater Curvature (Left)
Convex; forms the Cardiac Incisure (Angle of His) with the esophagus
2 Orifices
Cardia (Esophageal)
2 cm left of midline at T11; contains lower esophageal sphincter + Angle of His (anti-reflux)
Pylorus (Duodenal)
Right of midline at L1; 5–6 mm thick circular smooth muscle sphincter regulating gastric emptying
2 Surfaces
Anterior Surface
Faces the greater peritoneal cavity
Posterior Surface
Faces the omental bursa (lesser sac)
4 Main Parts
Fundus (Greater tuberosity), Body, Lesser tuberosity, and Antrum
Internal Configuration (Layers Outer → Inner)
1/ Serosa
2/ Muscularis
3/ Submucosa
4/ Mucosa
Inner mucosal lining
Vascular & neural plexus layer
3 sub-layers for food churning and motility:
Middle Circular (thickens to form the Pyloric Sphincter)
Inner Oblique (Plexiform)
Outer Longitudinal
Visceral peritoneum
Fixation Mechanisms
Primitive Origin
Derived from the endoderm (anterior segment of the primitive gut at week 4) as a sagittal fusiform dilation
Development Milestones
90° Longitudinal Rotation
Anterior border → shifts right to form Lesser Curvature
Result: Creates the Omental Bursa (Lesser Sac) posterior to the stomach
Posterior border → shifts left to form Greater Curvature
Weeks 6–7
Fundus formation