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IDEOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
IDEOLOGY
GENERAL DEFINITION
a restricted set of values within a given culture pointing in a very specific direction and excluding deviations (what is good, what is right...)
=/=
CULTURE
> broad set of values and beliefs, containing (parameters to make sense of) both typical and atypical elements
Examples of ideologies
CAPITALISM
> competition, achievement, success and wealth (good) vs exploitation of man by man
PRIVATIZATION
> to manage property for profit of people (good) vs to manage property for profit of few/rich (bad)
FUNDAMENTALIST
> savior (good) vs fanatic (bad): attitude towards things
POLITICAL LEFT
> freedom, regulated by solidarity (good) vs Communism (danger to freedom through power-control) (bad)
POLITICAL RIGHT
> freedom, regulated by law and order (good) vs Fascism (danger to freedom through power-control) (bad)
MIGRATION
> asset/challenge (good) vs problem (bad)
TOURISM
> asset/challenge (good) vs problem (bad)
COMPLETE DEFINITION
values influencing our interpretation of the world
examples
providing justification for all claims and actions in line with the system of beliefs, without further evidence or explanation
bombing countries for peace
sheltering convicted individuals for solidarity, controlling people for freedom
killing people for the sake of security
2 approaches
HEGEMONIC IDEOLOGY
> those which are dominant (in terms of power, influence, prestige, "established" political correctness)
POWER
> on what basis we know and understand that some ideas are better than yours
Institutions
controlling higher education (government, business, university managers, teachers...)
Media
: everything that is connected to public information, information programs, news programs/newspapers, entertainment programs, movies, sit-coms... + TV personalities, actors, musicians influencers, sportsmen...
Intellectuals
: producers of cultural products in one domain (in which they are experts) that take sides/position in other domains (politics, social issues...)
Experts
: they have evidence of things, in order to make claims
Intellectuals
: they disclose their opinion/make claim about other subjects (something is not their competence)
Think tanks
: organization doing research on political, economic, social matters (thus providing "explanations" of social reality)
NON-HEGEMONIC IDEOLOGIES
> those which are non-dominant. In some cases more widely shared, but requiring justification in order to be "acceptable" > you notice that you have to claim about something, but before making a point of claim you want to explain it
DYNAMIC BETWEEN IDEOLOGIES
DOXA
> anything that is available/shared in a specific culture (things we don't even question); general knowledge of the world, framework for interpreting things (ex also accepting divergent views, "cultural background")
Tradition-bound, influenced by social order and system (school, family, media...)
Implicit, subconscious and accepted (fully naturalized and unquestionable)
Perceived as the only "natural" and "normal" way of dealing with reality objects
HETERODOXY
> specific ideology, opposing traditional doxa/ruling out diverging views
Explicit and conscious (and possibly polemical) challenge to the doxa (countering elements of the doxa)
ex there is another alternative way of doing things, of seeing things...
ORTHODOXY
(heterodoxy of an heterodoxy) > specific ideology, opposing/ruling out diverging views
Explicit and conscious (polemical and aggressive), counterclaim to the heterodoxy, defensive of the doxa
Systematic organization of elements of the doxa
Explicitly presenting itself as the only possible (not only "natural" as was the case with the doxa) position among others
ex even though there are other alternative ways and reasons, the ones in the doxa are proven as being the best ways of doing things