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Chapter 4 Separation Technique - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4 Separation Technique
Paper Chromatography
Paper chromatography
separates
coloured components
in a mixture.
When paper, such as filter paper, is placed in a liquid, the liquid
moves up
the paper.
When the liquid reaches the
spot
of the dye, it
dissolves
the substances in the dye
and continues to move.
Chromatography works because different substances in the dye
move
at
different
rates.
How it works :
Chromatography works because different substances in the dye
move
at
different
rates
The one that moves the
fastest
, reaches the
edge
of the paper first.
The one that moves the
slowest
may only reach the
middle
of the paper.
If the substances in the mixture have
different
colours, these colours will become
visible
as the substances
separate
out.
The strip of paper which shows the
different coloured
components of the ink or dye
separately
, is called a
paper chromatogram
.
Paper chromatography is
useful
as it gives
quick
results and works with only
small
amounts of the mixture.
Simple Distillation
Distillation
is the technique used to separate a
pure liquid
from a solid-liquid or
liquid-liquid mixture.
Distillation involves
evaporation
and
condensation
.
It works on the basis that when a liquid
evaporates
from a solution, it will
condense
to form a
pure liquid
.
Pure substances have
fixed
boiling and melting point.
Magnetic Attraction
Magnetic attraction
is used to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic
materials.
Evaporation To Dryness
A solid dissolve in a liquid to produce a
solution
. The solid that dissolves is called a
solute
and the liquid is called a
solvent
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Evaporation to dryness
is the technique used to separate
dissolved solids
from a
solid-liquid mixture
.
Evaporation to dryness can only be use to obtain solid that are able to
withstand high
heating/ will not decompose on strong heating
.
Filtration
The large insoluble solid trapped in the filter paper are known as
residue
. The liquid
that pass through is known as
filtrate
.
Filtration
is the technique used to separate an
insoluble solid
from the
liquid
in a
solid-liquid mixture
.
Filtration
works on the basis that, in a suspension, the insoluble solids are larger (in
size) than the liquid particles.