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Week 3- Terrestrial Plants - Coggle Diagram

- - - - gnetaceae (nee-tay-c) (4)
      - podocarpaceae (2)
      - cycadaceae (1)
  - - - no trees (monocots are never woody), mostly understorey herbs, some climbers and epiphytes
      - aroids, gingers, orchids, yams, grasses, palms
      - many are forest floor specialists, tolerant of low light conditions
    - - everything else
- - - - mangrove palm
      - often forms monodominant stands at edges of estuarine rivers (brackish waters)
      - understorey herb/shrub
      - numerous uses (attap roof, fruits can be eaten)
    - - closely related to the "true yams"
      - pollinated by midges
      - understorey herb/shrub in NSDF
      - BTNR, CCNR nature reserves (easily visible along trails)
      - highly modified inflorescence (flowering branch)
    - - flowers once every few years
      - large epiphyte orchid
      - possibly world's largest/heaviest orchid species
      - one of several nationally extinct orchid species, brought back by orchid breeding program
      - urban parks (eg SBG, upper peirce), streetscapes
  - - - late successional sp, lossely associated with swamp forests
      - bright red fruits, likely mammal/bird dispersal
      - tree, from the cacao family
      - deciduous (leaves produced and shed synchronously)
      - heterolastic (seedling leaves and adult leaves very different)
      - S.macrophylla and other Sterculias increasingly planted along streets/parks
      - Macritchie, BTNR, urban parks (e.g. Bishan AMK)
    - - canopy species in primary forests across sg
      - double kneed petioles, large, "corrugated-sheet" leaves, long stipules
      - important timber tree (keruing)
      - BTNR, CCNR, planted along parks and roadsides
    - - early successional, pioneer/gap species
      - tri-lobed leaves with long petioles (stalks)
      - fast growing small tree
    - - often forms monodominant forests in reclaimed lands
      - highly tolerant of salt spray, sandy soils, dry conditions
      - native coastal tree species, looks like conifer but not a conifer
      - naturally, coastal locations
      - roadside tree in many streets
    - - carnivorous plant that uses modified leaves to trap insects (mostly ants)
      - found in nutrient poor habitats, especially resam dominated scrubland and adinandra belukar
      - climber
      - heteroblastic -> produces different types of pitcher during rosette and climbing growth stages!
      - found in kent ridge park, macritchie reservoir edges, NTU
  - - - found along roads, nature reserves
      - produces two types of fronds
        
        shielf and antler fronds
        
        antler fronds are pendulous in P.coronarium
      - often found in branch forks of large trees
      - ephiphyte fern
      - accumulate leaf litter in shield fronds
        
        decomposing litter are nutrients for fern
        
        microhabitat for many small animals
  - - - distinct trunk, twigs, and leaves
      - dioecious (male and female plants)cultivated for edible nuts (melinjo)
      - forest tree species found naturally in india and SEA
      - planted along roads and parks, in abandoned plantation forests (thomson nature park)
- - - - more defensive compounds
      - heavier wood
      - thick leaves
      - large seeds
  - - - thin leaves
      - less defensive compounds
      - lighter wood
      - small seeds