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Chem - Coggle Diagram
Chem
Acid and bases
bases and alkalis
bases
What is a base?
A base is any metal oxide or hydroxide
Most bases are insoluble in water
except for SPCA bases
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Alkali
A alkali is a soluble base
Alkalis produce Hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH-)
Properties of alkalis
Soapy feel
Good conductors of electricity
Bitter taste
corrosive
turns red litmus paper blue
has a pH above 7
Reactions of Alkalis
Acid + Alkali = salt + water (neutralisation)
Alkali + ammonium salts = Salt + Water + ammonia
Strong Alkali (Ph 12-14)
Types Oxides
Non-metal Oxides
Neutral oxides
NO CO H2O
no co water
Acidic oxides
All non-metal Oxides except NO CO Water
Metal Oxides
Amphoteric oxides
ZAP
Reacts with both Acids AND Alkali
Zinc Aluminium Potassium
Basic Oxides
All metals except ZAP
Acid
Types of acid
Nitric Acid HNO3
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Properties of Acids
Ph value below 7
turn blue litmus paper red
Dissolve in water to form solution to conduct electricity
Strong acids are corrosive Ph 0-3
Sour taste
Acids dissolve in a substance that produces hydrogen ions h+
Reactions between acids and bases
Acid + base/alkali = salt + water
Neutralising soil
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium oxide
Acid + reactive metal = Salt + Hydrogen
3.Acids + Carbonate = Carbon dioxide + water