Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 3: Perception - Coggle Diagram

- - - - texture gradient: tendency for textured surfaces to appear smaller and finer as distance from the viewer increases
      - aerial (atmospheric) perspective: haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater -> mountains look fuzzy
      - inteposition/overlap: assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer
      - motion parallax: perception of motion of objects in which close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are father away
      - linear perspective: tendency for parallel lines to appear to converge on each other
      - relative size: tendency to assume object is much farther away, when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small
      - accommodation: brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close/far away
    - - convergence: rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object, resulting in greater convergence for closer objects and lesser convergence if objects are distant (muscular cue)
      - binocular disparity: difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects
  - - - perceptual set (perceptual expectancy): tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions
        
        top-down processing: use of preexisting knowledge to organise individual features into a unified whole
        
        bottom-up processing: analysis of the smaller features to build up to a complete perception
  - - - shape constancy: tendency to interpret the shape of an object as constant, even though it changes on the retina
      - brightness constancy: tendency to perceive the apparent brightness of an object as the same even when the light conditions change
      - size constancy: tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size, regardless of its distance from the viewer
    - - figure-ground: tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background
      - reversible figures: visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed
      - proximity: tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping; physical or geographical nearness
      - similarity: tendency to perceive things that look similar to be part of the same group
      - closure: tendency to complete figures that are incomplete
      - continuity: tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern
      - contiguity: tendency to perceive 2 things that happen close together in time as being related