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Waves, Electricity and magnestism and space - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Core Definition
        
        Temporary magnets.
        
        Powered by electricity.
        
        Can turn on and off.
      - Key Components
        
        Core: Soft iron center pieces.
        
        Solenoid: Coiled wire around core.
        
        Power Source: Battery or power pack.
      - Increasing Strength
        
        Add more wire turns.
        
        Increase the electrical current.
        
        Use an iron core.
      - How It Works
        
        Current flows through wire.
        
        Magnetic field is created.
        
        Iron core intensifies field.
- - - - Series Circuits
        
        Path: Current flows along only one path.
        
        Current (I): Stays the same everywhere in the circuit.
        
        Potential Difference / Voltage (V): Shared between the components.
        
        Breaking a part: If one component breaks or disconnects, the whole circuit stops working (open circuit)
      - Parallel
        
        Path: Current splits across multiple loops or branches.
        
        Current (I): Adds up; the total current equals the sum of the current in each separate branch.
        
        Potential Difference / Voltage (V): Stays the same across each individual branch.
        
        Breaking a part: If one component breaks, the other branches keep working normally
    - - Conductors
        
        What they do: Allow electrical charges to move freely through them.
        
        How they work: Their electrons are loosely held and can jump from atom to atom.
      - Insulators
        
        What they do: Stop or slow down the flow of electricity.
        
        How they work: Their electrons are tightly bound to their atoms and cannot move easily.
  - - - Cell: A single power source shown as one long vertical line (positive terminal) and one short, thick vertical line (negative terminal) connected by wires.
      - Battery: Two or more cells combined in series, drawn as alternating long and short parallel lines.
      - Lamp: A bulb that converts electrical energy to light, represented by a circle with an 'X' inside or a circle containing a looped filament.
      - Switch: A break in the circuit to turn it on or off, drawn as a line with a raised/open arm (open) or a flat closed line touching the contacts (closed).
      - Resistor: A fixed component that limits current flow, represented by a rectangular box.
      - Ammeter: A device to measure electrical current, shown as a circle with a capital letter A inside.
      - Voltmeter: A device to measure potential difference (voltage), shown as a circle with a capital letter V inside
  - - - Predicting Brightness: Adding more bulbs makes all bulbs dimmer.
      - Why Current Changes: Every bulb acts like a speed bump (resistance). Adding more bulbs increases the total resistance, which decreases the overall current flowing through the circuit.
      - Why Voltage Changes: The total voltage supplied by the battery must be shared equally among identical bulbs.
    - - Predicting Brightness: Adding more bulbs in parallel does not change the brightness of the existing bulbs. They all glow equally bright.
      - Why Voltage Changes: Each branch is connected directly to the battery. This means every branch receives the full voltage of the power source. If the battery is 6V, every parallel bulb gets 6V.
      - Why Current Changes: Because the voltage doesn't change, the current passing through each individual bulb stays exactly the same.
    - - Predicting Brightness: Adding more cells/batteries in series makes the bulbs brighter.
      - The Reason: More batteries provide a higher total voltage (a stronger push). A stronger push forces more current through the same bulbs, transferring more energy and making them glow brighter
- - - - The Moon sits directly between Earth and the Sun.
      - The dark side faces Earth, making it completely invisible.
    - - A tiny sliver of light appears on the right side.
      - The bright part grows larger each night.
    - - The Moon has completed one-quarter of its monthly orbit.
      - The right half of the Moon appears fully lit.
    - - "Gibbous" means humped or swollen.
      - Most of the Moon is lit, leaving a dark crescent on the left.
    - - Earth sits between the Moon and the Sun.
      - The entire illuminated side faces Earth directly.
    - - The bright portion begins to shrink from the right side.
      - The left side remains mostly lit.
    - - The Moon has completed three-quarters of its orbit.
      - The left half of the Moon appears fully lit.
    - - Only a tiny sliver of light remains on the far left side.
      - The Moon becomes almost dark before restarting the cycl