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SPATIAL DATA MODELS - Coggle Diagram
SPATIAL DATA MODELS
DATABASE STRUCTURES
Relational
Tables
Rows & Columns
Object-Oriented
Objects
Classes
Entities
Real-world Objects
ER Diagram
Entity
Attribute
Relationship
DATA MODELS
Conceptual
High-level Design
Entities & Relationships
Logical
Tables
Attributes
Relationships
Physical
Storage
Files
Indexes
Hierarchy
Conceptual → Logical → Physical
SPATIAL DATA MODELS
Purpose
Geographic Information
Features
Location
Shape
Spatial Relationships
Types
Raster
Vector
RASTER DATA STRUCTURES
Grid-based
Rows & Columns
Cells / Pixels
Cell Values
Each Cell Stores a Value
Continuous Data
Elevation
Temperature
Rainfall
RASTER DATA COMPRESSION
Purpose
Reduce File Size
Reduce Storage
Lossless
No Data Loss
Original Data Recovered
Lossy
Some Data Loss
Smaller File Size
VECTOR DATA STRUCTURES
Point
Well
Tree
Single Location
Line
Road
River
Linear Feature
Polygon
Lake
Building
Land Parcel
RASTER VS VECTOR MODELS
Raster
Cell / Pixel Based
Continuous Features
Elevation / Temperature
Vector
Point / Line / Polygon
Discrete Features
Roads / Boundaries / Buildings
Key Difference
Raster → Cells
Vector → Geometry
TIN AND GRID DATA MODELS
TIN
Triangulated Irregular Network
Connected Triangles
Terrain / Elevation
GRID
Regular Grid
Rows + Columns + Cells
Raster Model
Easy Analysis
Comparison
TIN → Irregular Triangles
GRID → Regular Cells