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Narcolepsy - Coggle Diagram
Narcolepsy
Symptoms
Visual/auditory hallucinations
Fragmented nighttime sleep
Sleep paralysis
Insomnia
Cataplexy
Sudden sleep attacks
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Diagnosis
Polysomnogram
Multiple Sleep Latency Test
Sleep Journal
Lumbar puncture
Medical History
Sleep Medicine Specialist evaluation
Etiology
Type 1: low levels of orexin + cataplexy
Type 2: Normal orexin levels + no cataplexy + unknown cause
Genetic predisposition (HLA-DQB1*0602)
Secondary Triggers = environmental (brain injury, tumor, stroke, inflammation, etc.)
Damage within the hypothalamus
Destruction of orexin-producing cells
Signs
Low hypocretin levels
Abnormal REM Latency
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Rapid onset of REM sleep
Eyelid drooping
Muscle twitching
Rapid BMI/Weight gain
Treatment
Lifestyle
Avoid smoking
Having heavy meals later during the day
Consistent sleep schedule
Going to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Scheduled daytime naps
Medications
Wake-promoting agents
Sodium oxybate
Antidepressants
Amphetamine-like stimulants
Prognosis
Chronic lifelong autoimmune disease
Symptoms are manageable
No cure
Ongoing treatment required
Most people maintain a good quality of life
Isn't deadly nor life-threatening