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⛽ HYDROCARBONS & VOLATILE SUBSTANCES - Coggle Diagram
⛽ HYDROCARBONS & VOLATILE SUBSTANCES
💊 Examples
🧴 Glue
🧪 Solvents
⛽ Gasoline
⛽ Diesel
⚠️ سوءمصرف → به علت خواص Euphoria-inducing
⚙️ خطر Aspiration
💧 Viscosity ↓ → Aspiration risk ↑
📌 مثال → Gasoline | Kerosene | Carbon tetrachloride
💨 Volatility ↑ → Aspiration risk ↑
💧 Surface tension ↓ → Aspiration risk ↑
⭐ بلع / Aspiration
→ عمدتاً Pulmonary involvement
🫁 Pulmonary toxicity
💨 Aspiration → Chemical pneumonitis
🩸 Vascular destruction → Pulmonary edema
⚡ Early symptoms
😮💨 Cough
🫁 Dyspnea
🔥 Burning mouth
🌡️ Fever >39°C
⏱️ ممکن است از ابتدا یا 6–8 h بعد
🚨 شدید → Aspiration | Necrotizing pneumonitis | Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema
🩻 CXR
⏱️ معمولاً 2–6 h
⏱️ نهایتاً تا 18–24 h
📍 شایعترین → Bilateral basal infiltrates
🫁 Multilobar involvement
➡️ Right lung → شایعتر
⚠️ CXR findings ↔ معاینه → correlation ضعیف
❤️ Cardiotoxicity
☠️ میتواند → Sudden death
🧠 CNS toxicity
⬇️ CNS depression
⚡ ابتدا ممکن است تحریککننده باشد
👻 Hallucination
🫨 Tremor
😵 Agitation
⚡ Seizure
🧠 Headache | Ataxia | Cognitive dysfunction | Psychosis
🫃 GI toxicity
🤮 Vomiting
💥 Gastric perforation
🫀 Hepatotoxicity
🧪 ↑ Liver enzymes
☠️ Cirrhosis | Hepatoma
🫘 Renal toxicity
🫘 Renal failure
🧪 RTA
🧂 Hypokalemia
🩸 Hematologic toxicity
🔴 Hemolysis
🩸 Aplastic anemia
🩸 Hemolytic anemia
🔵 Methemoglobinemia
🧴 Skin toxicity
📌 در انواع با نفوذ بالا
🔴 Erythema
🔴 Papules
🧴 Exfoliative dermatitis
🥶 Facial frostbite
💉 Injection → Cellulitis | Abscess | Soft tissue necrosis
🔎 Diagnosis
🗣️ History
🩺 Physical examination
🩻 CXR
🫁 ABG
🧪 CBC | K⁺ | Na⁺ | Cr | BUN | LFT
💊 Treatment
🫁 Airway management
💨 Oxygen
💨 Inhaled β-agonists
🫁 Respiratory support
💧 Fluid therapy
❤️ Dysrhythmia → Propranolol / Lidocaine
👕 Remove contaminated clothes
🧼 Wash skin → Water + Soap
👁️ Eye irrigation
❌ Corticosteroids
→ Chemical pneumonitis → ممنوع
💊 Antibiotics
→ فقط در شک به Secondary bacterial pneumonia
🩸 Hypotension
→ Fluid therapy
❌ Dopamine | Epinephrine | Norepinephrine
→ ممنوع
⚠️ مخصوصاً Halogenated / Aromatic hydrocarbons
❤️ Dysrhythmia
→ Inderal / Esmolol / Lidocaine
🔵 Active amine-containing hydrocarbons
→ Measure Methemoglobin level