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Human Case Studies - Coggle Diagram
Human Case Studies
Settlement Dynamics
Changes to Rural Settlements: Uthukela District
Background:
KZN province, Drakensberg mountains. Main settlements are Bergville and Winterton
Economy
Subsistence and commercial farming, tourism
Settlement patterns
Commercial farming areas: nucleated. Subsistence farming areas: dispersed
Physical environment
Disadvantages
Droughts
Torrential summer rain (erosion), hail damage
Winter wind damage
Locusts and insects
Advantages
Fertile Volcanic soils
Migration Patterns
In 2011 there was a net migration of -205400
Many of the men migrated to Gauteng
Mining jobs!
When mining employment fails...
rural unemployment
Poverty and food shortages
Workers return home
Population
Gender: 54% female (this reflects the male migration)
Growth: increase of 10.1% between 2001 and 2007
Education: 38% were uneducated
Housing types: 56% traditional housing, 41% formal housing (remaining % is informal)
Key issues
Challenges
Poor education
Food shortages (insects)
High unemployment and poverty
Soil erosion
Rural isolation
Positive developments (yay!)
Improved service delivery (electricity, water, sanitation)
Urbanisation and Counterurbanisation
County Mayo (Republic of Ireland)
Background
3rd largest county
15th largest by population
Mainly rural
Traditional Economy
Based off agriculture, fishing (and potatoes)
Potato Famine (1845)
Potato blight fungus destroyed crops
Effects on Ireland
1 Million deaths and 1 million emigrated
Impacts on County Mayo
90% of the population depended on potatoes, so whole settlements were abandoned, with these abandoned buildings still visible today
Counter-urbanisation following potato famine
Why do people move to county Mayo?
Skilled workers working from home
Retired people seeking rural lifestyle
Commuting to Galway
Limits of counter-urbanisation
Rural population still in decline
Most people are staying in the same county
Relocating to dublin
Housing changes
Contrasting landscapes
Many abandoned traditional houses and large modern house
Settlement pattern:
Dispersed settlements due to farming history and small scale farming
Key Issues
Rural depopulation
Poor accesibilty
isolated settlements
Abandoned buildings
Difficult farming conditions
Government Planning: Kazakhstan (Astana)
Background:
Capital City (was moved from Almaty to Astana in 1998)
Moving the Capital
Area had many ethnic Russians, they moved the capital to encourage Kazakhs to move there
Risk of earthquakes
Limited room for expansion
Too close to international borders
Located on Ishim River
Kazahstan gained independence in 1991
Migration