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Right/left atria Right/left ventricles
Located between the lungs
Thin walls in atriaThick walls in ventricles 3x thicker in left ventricle than right ventricle Exerts more pumping force Systemic circuit Longer than pulmonary circuit Offers greater resistance to blood flow
3x thicker in left ventricle than right ventricle Exerts more pumping force
Exerts more pumping force
Contraction via sliding filament mechanism
Complex junctions Form cellular networks
Trigger sliding filament mechanism Not all cardiac cells are innervated Will contract rhythmically Inherent rhythmicity is the basis for rhythmic heartbeat
Inherent rhythmicity is the basis for rhythmic heartbeat
Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus
Remnant of foramen ovale
Composed of dense connective tissue Functions: Anchors valve cusps Prevents over dilation of valve openings Main point of insertion for cardiac muscle Blocks direct spread of electrical impulses
Anchors valve cusps Prevents over dilation of valve openings Main point of insertion for cardiac muscle Blocks direct spread of electrical impulses
Right AV valve: tricuspid valve Left AV valve: bicuspid (mitral) valve
Atria contract together Ventricles contract together
Right coronary artery Left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery is clinically called the left anterior descending artery (LAD)
Branches to form the marginal artery Later branches into the posterior inter ventricular artery Clinically called posterior descending artery (PDA)
Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein
Visceral sensory fibers Parasympathetic fibers Sympathetic fibers
SA node, AV node, coronary arteries
Innervate SA node, AV node, coronary arteries Same as parasympathetic Also innervate cardiac musculature throughout the heart
Same as parasympathetic
Heart attack
Leads to strokes
Anxiety, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations
Most common defect is ventricular septal defect
Inadequately oxygenated blood reaches body tissues Ventricles labor under increased workload
Carry impulses throughout heart musculature Signals the heart chambers to contract in the proper sequence
Signals the heart chambers to contract in the proper sequence
Internodal pathway to AV node AV node to AV bundle AV bundle to bundle branches Bundle branches into the Purkinje fibers
Hardening & thickening of heart valve cusps Decline in cardiac reserve Fibrosis of cardiac muscle