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What variables affect the size of a crater upon impact? - Coggle Diagram
What variables affect the size of a crater upon impact?
what is a crater?
a crater is a bowl-shaped hole on a solid surface, usually caused by an impact or explosion
size
what size will be measured?
volume of crater
depth of crater
width or length
diameter if it is circular
how can size be measured?
height at which object begins falling
how high will the object be?
how can the drop height be controlled?
will air resistance change?
will terminal velocity affect the crater?
greater gravitational potential energy as drop height increases, greater kinetic energy on impact
mass/density/material of object
would changing the mass change the shape or size of the crater?
how will the effects of gravity change?
if mass is changed what other variables will change?
density of the surface
density of the medium the object falls through
how can the density of something be changed?
what if the surface of the object is made of a different material with different density
greater mass leads to greater impact force due to newtons second law F=ma
shape/surface area of object
will the shape of the object change the size of the crater?
how will changes in surface area change the crater?
how will irregular surface area be measured?
velocity
how can velocity be changed or controlled?
greater velocity means greater kinetic energy on impact
greater final velocity will mean there is greater acceleration and thus a stronger impact force due to newton's second law F=ma
what might need to change for velocity to also be changed?
how can velocity be measured?
how can changing velocity be measured?
will final velocity be taken into account or change in velocity between two points?
energy
gravitational potential energy before the object falls
kinetic energy while it is falling
energy can be calculated using E=mgh and E=1/2mv^2
where is energy transferred after impact?
energy can be lost to factors such as heat and sound
how much energy is lost?
how can energy be measured?
momentum
depends on variables such as velocity, mass, time, force
p = mv
will momentum be conserved?
how does momentum transfer to the solid surface after collision?
how can momentum be measured?
p = Ft