Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
202 For Test 1, Culture in Psychology: 4 Ways - Coggle Diagram
202 For Test 1
Culture in Psychology: 4 Ways
Indigenous
Cultural
Cultural transmission
In culture, a trait is transmitted if it is somehow made present in the minds of other people based on the actions of others before them.
Cultural artifacts and behaviours come to us through cultural transmission.
Explicit or implicit
Explicit
An example: Mathematics.
Must be explicitly taught.
Once we learn it we see the world totally differently.
Implicit
subtle, like how the built environment shapes our perceptions of the world
An example: blue/black or white/gold dress.
Ppl who are used to yellowish, artificial light see blue and black.
Ppl who are used to bluish, natural light have their brains correct for this in the image, and see gold and white.
Other factors like staying up late or getting up early also impact this.
Reductionism is challenged
Reductionism:
All phenomena can be explained by simpler phenomena. E.g. consciousness are the sum of chemical and physical reactions in the brain.
Nagel challenges this philosophy.
Mind-body problem.
It is impossible to know what it is like to be a bat. We could only know what it would be like to be a projected human consciousness in the body of a bat.
You can imagine, but you will never fully know another's experience.
Cross-cultural
Cultural Evolution
Emic vs Etic
Emic
From within
Key elements:
Understand culture in its own terms
Structure uncovered
Limited
Culture-specific
Study within one culture, usually focusing on culture-specific elements.
Etic
from outside
Comparative study across cultures, may assume some universality of the psychology and/ot behaviour.
Key elements:
Culture general
Universal
Control exerted by researcher
Culture as antecedent
Several cultures compared
Positionality and degrees of emic/etic
Positionality determines what you have perceptual and social access to in conducting research
Trade-offs:
Emic
Pros
Understand local context, needs, & fit
Better able to ask meaningful/sensible questions
Justice - representation of diverse perspective
Cons
May not make sense outside local context
Relationship obligations
'subjectivity'
Etic
Pros
Widens area of research
Not blinded by the obvious
'objectivity'
Cons
Limited access
Equivalence issues
May produce wrong answers bc asked wrong questions